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集成的个人移动设备的无线传感网络的天气

随着蜂窝和Wi-Fi网络基础设施的不断增长，移动互联网应用不断被开发的日常。随着移动应用程序可以下载成千上万，就有可能发现软件几乎适合任何类别，如商业、医疗、娱乐、保健。在本文中，我们提出了将个人移动设备的应用和数据监测无线传感网络的方法。该项目旨在从远程站，然后可以在实时手机查看收集天气数据。苹果iPhone作为移动平台由于几个优点。它不仅是一个增长最快的移动平台，但它也有一个广泛使用的软件开发工具包（SDK）和各种各样的不同功能，远程监控的应用效益。通过实施和评估我们的系统，该设计可应用于不同的传感器网络，如建筑结构、交通控制、葡萄园、和机床监测。

1.引言

如今移动设备不只是用来打电话发短信的texting, they offer a wide variety of features and sophisticated，它们带有各种各样的功能复杂的sensors such as e-mail, internet, and GPS. Their improvemen传感器，如电子邮件，互联网和全球定位系统。他们进

in hardware and software is remarkable, offering new ways to

在硬件和软件方面的改进是卓越的develop different kinds of applications exploiting all of thei，为开发为开发为开发各种应用程序和开发其它capabilities. There are several platform types for users to

能力提供了新的途径。有几个平台类型可供用户choose from such as iPhone OS, Blackberry, Window

选择比如苹果手机操作系统，黑莓，窗口mobile, Palm OS, Nokiarsquo;s S60, and Googlersquo;s Android. Fo

移动，Palm OS，诺基亚的S60，以及谷歌的Android。iPhone OS和Android操作系统都有他们fair share of similarities and differences. The “app” stores on

不相上下的相似性和差异性。both platforms offer similar features presently. Users on both

目前这两个平台对“应用程序”商店提供类似的功能。用户利用平台能够在移动应用程序商店使用phone and distribute their software on the mobile apps store

手机创建他们的应用程序和分发他们的软件并for a fee. While the functionality may be similar, the mobil

收取费用。虽然功能可能是类似的，但是 operating systems that they are built on are completely

他们是完全建立在不同的操作系统上different. iPhone OS uses a customized version of its OS X

。苹果手机操作系统使用定制版的操作系统while Android uses a Linux kernel as its backbone. iPhon

而安卓使用内核作为其主干。iPhone OS uses the Objective-C language for all of its programming

操作系统的所有程序使用Objective-C语言while Android uses the Java programming language. One

而Android使用java编程语言。安卓有时是单一功能，而苹果是function of multitasking.

多任务功能。 一些移动设备的研究论文发表as following. Miluzzo et. al. [2] compared different mobile

如下。miluzzo等人在长期的编程平台的UI设计和代码debugging. Saponas et. al. [3] applied an accelerometersensor to classify human activities such as running, walking,

调试中比较不同之处。platforms in term of programmability, UI design, and code

saponas等人应用加速度计传感器将人类活动进行分类，比如跑步、行走， or biking. Without any retraining of new users, the proposed

或骑自行车。没有再培训任何的新平台， system was able to classify different subjects with 97%

系统能够对不同的科目进行分类并达到97% 的accuracy rate. Wang [4] presented a new form of musical

准确率。王提出了一种新的音乐形式的synthesis and social network with mobile devices. One of the

移动设备的合成与社交网络。其中的一个most distinct features is GPS sensor integration which allows

最独特的功能是全球定位系统的传感器集成，允许people to view the location of others while they are listening

当人们在听的时候，可以看到在附近的位置的他人to music playing nearby. In [5], Drager et. al. demonstrated

的音乐演奏。德尔格等人应用了the method of graphing and monitoring sensor data on the

图形和监测传感器数据的方法wireless sensor networks. Using the web browser in a mobile

无线传感器网络。使用网络浏览器device, users can access history data stored in the database

设备时，用户可以在移动手机中访问存储在数据库中的历史数据，可以server and visually plot them on the screen. Our paper will

在屏幕上的服务器和视觉绘制。本文将discuss the wireless weather sensing network over 802.15.4

讨论无线气象传感网络在802.15.4 which allows users to access the sensor data, over cellular or

允许用户访问的传感器数据，通过蜂窝或Wi-Fi networks, directly from the web application. Using

Wi-Fi网络，直接从网络应用程序。使用iPhone SDK, the data can be displayed as well as a link to

iPhone SDK，可以将数据显示为链接satellite map view of its location.

卫星地图的位置。

二 系统设计

1. 传感器节点和无线通信
2. As illustrated in Fig. 1, each of the wireless weather

每一个无线气 sensing nodes is composed of several components, e.g. solar

传感节点是由几个部分组成的，例如太阳能power unit, sensor interface, microcontroller, and wireless

功率单元，传感器接口，微控制器和无线transceiver. There are six sensor types integrated in each

收发器。有六个传感器类型集成在每个node; wind speed/direction, temperature, humidity, pressure,

节点；风速/方向，温度，湿度，压力，

and rainfall [6-8]. The microcontroller, based on the

降雨[6-8]。这些基于单片机的Microchip PIC16F877A, periodically gathers data from these

Microchip PIC16F877A的M i c r o c h i p P I C 1 6 F 8 7 7 A ，些

sensors. The digital sensors, i.e. wind speed and rainfall, are

传感器会定期收集数据。数字传感器，即风速和降雨， connected directly to digital input pins on the chip, while the

直接连接到芯片上的数字输入引脚，而而

rest of the sensors are connected to analog-to-digital

其余的传感器连接到模拟到数字convertor pins to convert to a digital number format. Once

转换器引脚转换成数字格式。一旦the CPU receives all of the sensorsrsquo; data, the next step is to

处理器接收所有的传感器数据，下一步是manipulate the information into a presentable format. Each

操纵信息到一个像样的格式。每个sensor requires different types of calculations in order to

传感器需要不同类型的计算，以以

convert the raw data. Furthermore, it is necessary to filter out

转换原始数据。此外， some of the sensorsrsquo; data due to their fluctuation during data

由于数据的波动它对于一些传感器的数据 acquisition. The moving average filter is applied and based

采集是必要的过滤过程。移动平均滤波器的应用和基于

on the following equation

在下面的方程y(t) = alpha; y(t minus;1) ( ) 1minus;alpha; x(t),

Y（t）=alpha;y（tminus;1） （1 x（t））minus;alpha;Y （ t ） = alpha; y （ t minus; 1 ） （ 1 x （ t ） ） minus; alpha; ，

where y(t), x(t), and alpha; are output sample, input sample,

通过选择 between zero and one, the process can be viewed as a

在零和一个之间，这个过程可以被看作是以前的输出样本一个weighted averaging of the current input sample and the

电流输入样本的加权平均previous output sample.

。以下代码显示实现现

humidity sensors. The raw data is received from ADC pin 3

湿度传感器。原始数据是从ADC引脚3接收收

and converted into a relative humidity format ranging from

并转换成相对湿度范围从zero to one hundred percent. The filtering is performed using

零到百分之一百。使用的过滤alpha; = 0.2, which is chosen arbitrarily by trading off between

一个是0.2，它是任意选择的，通过交易smoothness and delay. This data will be put in a packet and

平滑和延迟。这个数据将被放在一个数据包中

sent out to the communication module.

发送到通信模块。The data packet, as shown in Fig. 2, contains not only the

数据包包含的不只是所有传感器的m

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