摘 要

森林生态效益补偿研究对于提高区域生态文明建设水平具有重要的指导意义。本文通过对目前的森林生态效益补偿制度的分析，明晰了我国在森林生态补偿方面的进展，提出了现存的补偿制度存在的问题。选取武汉城市圈作为研究区域，通过遥感数据的预处理、监督分类、矢量化后得到武汉城市圈的森林区域，统计了其森林面积，接着进行森林生态服务价值的计算以及森林生态补偿优先级的空间分析，结合现存的森林生态效益补偿制度提出合适的生态补偿的方法。

研究结果表明：目前我国现存的森林生态效益补偿制度虽然取得了一定的进展，但仍存在补偿制度不完善、补偿标准单一、林地经营者参与度不足的问题，需要提出相应的改进措施。利用GIS和RS计算武汉城市圈森林生态服务的价值，根据生态补偿优先级的空间分析将武汉城市圈各地区划分为5个等级，其中黄冈市的罗田县、英山县以及咸宁市的崇阳县和通山县是最迫切需要进行森林生态补偿的，而武汉市、鄂州市、仙桃市、潜江市，天门市、孝南区、云梦县、黄冈市、应城市、汉川市等地区则是最末一级。按照生态服务价值计算结果以及生态补偿优先级选择提出了按照生态补偿优先级划拨补偿资金、改变补偿模式、提高补偿标准、合理调整树木种类及结构、建立激励机制的森林生态效益补偿方法，以使森林更好地发挥生态效益，提高生态文明水平。

本文的特色：利用GIS和RS来探究森林生态补偿制度。

关键词：GIS；遥感；武汉城市圈；森林生态效益补偿

Abstract

Research on forest ecological benefits compensation has important guiding significance for improving the level of regional ecological civilization construction. By analyzing the current forest ecological benefit compensation system, this article clarifies my country's progress in forest ecological compensation, and puts forward the problems of the existing compensation system. The Wuhan city circle was selected as the research area, and the forest area of ​​the Wuhan city circle was obtained by preprocessing, supervising classification, and vectorization of the remote sensing data, and the forest area was counted. Then the calculation of the value of forest ecological services and the priority of forest ecological compensation Spatial analysis, combined with the existing forest ecological benefit compensation system, proposes suitable ecological compensation methods.

The research results show that although the existing forest ecological benefit compensation system in my country has made some progress, it still has the problems of imperfect compensation system, single compensation standard, and insufficient participation of forest land operators, and corresponding improvement measures need to be proposed. Using GIS and RS to calculate the value of forest ecological services in Wuhan City Circle, each area of ​​Wuhan City Circle is divided into 5 levels according to the spatial analysis of ecological compensation priority. Among them, Luotian County, Yingshan County in Huanggang City, and Chong Chong in Xianning City Yangxian County and Tongshan County are most in urgent need of forest ecological compensation, while Wuhan City, Ezhou City, Xiantao City, Qianjiang City, Tianmen City, Xiaonan District, Yunmeng County, Huanggang City, Yingcheng City, Hanchuan City Other regions are the last level. According to the calculation results of ecological service value and the selection of ecological compensation priority, a method for allocating compensation funds according to the priority of ecological compensation, changing the compensation mode, raising the compensation standard, rationally adjusting the types and structure of trees, and establishing an incentive mechanism for forest ecological benefits compensation, so as to make Forests can make better use of ecological benefits and improve the level of ecological civilization.

Features of this article: Use GIS and RS to explore forest ecological compensation system.

Key Words：GIS；RS；Wuhan City Circle；Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation

目 录

第1章 绪论 5

1.1 研究背景及意义 5

1.2 国内外研究现状 5

1.2.1 国内研究现状 5

1.2.2 国外研究现状 2

1.3 研究内容与目标 3

1.4 研究技术路线 3

第2章 生态补偿的相关理论基础 5

2.1 森林生态效益 5

2.2 森林生态系统服务价值 5

2.3 森林生态效益补偿 5

2.3.1 森林生态效益补偿的涵义 5

2.3.2 森林生态效益补偿的进展 7

2.3.3 森林生态效益补偿的问题 7

第3章 武汉城市圈森林区域提取 9

3.1 研究区概况 9

3.1.1 自然地理条件 9

3.1.2 生态文明建设 10

3.2 数据准备 10

3.3 遥感数据预处理 10

3.3.1 辐射定标 10

3.3.2 遥感影像拼接 11

3.3.3 研究区域裁剪 11

3.4 监督分类提取研究区森林区域 12

3.4.1 监督分类 12

3.4.2 提取森林区域 13

第4章 武汉城市圈森林生态补偿方法的提出 16

4.1 武汉城市圈森林生态价值计算 16

4.2 武汉城市圈森林生态补偿的区域选择 18

4.3 武汉城市圈森林生态效益补偿建议 22

4.3.1 按照补偿的优先级进行补偿资金的分配 22

4.3.2 改善补偿的模式 22

4.3.3 制定科学的补偿标准 23

4.3.4 合理调整树木的种类以及结构 23

4.3.5 设定森林生态效益补偿的激励制度 23

第5章 结论与展望 25

5.1 结论 25

5.2 展望 25

参考文献 27

致 谢 28