TPP中的投资法律问题研究毕业论文
2021-09-07 19:17:25
摘 要
TPP,即跨太平洋伙伴关系协定,是目前重要的多边关系的自由贸易协定。2015年10月5日,TPP取得实质性突破,美国、日本和其他10个泛太平洋国家就TPP达成一致,而作为亚太地区的重要国家中国并未加入。
本文在TPP协定取得实质性突破的基础之下,重点剖析了TPP协定的投资章节的相关条款。本文对于TPP协定投资章节对投资与投资者的界定进行分析理解,并与美式BIT2012及TPP泄露版本进行对比,可知TPP关于投资和投资者的界定较为广泛且较为丰富,但是在避免生成歧义和对其他投资条约的“投资”定义提供权威解释方面还有些许不足。
在投资者待遇部分,本文对于国民待遇、最惠国待遇、待遇的最低标准原则等投资者待遇的规定进行了理解分析,也结合实践中案件、相关条约及美式BIT2012的投资者待遇进行比较,可知TPP协定投资者待遇不仅能够大大推进自由贸易化,而且具有美式投资协定的诸多特点,两者几乎是高度重合。
在投资争端解决机制部分,本文将TPP投资争端解决机制与WTO、ICSID争端解决解决从管辖范围、时限、法律适用、程序规则等几个方面进行了对比。由此可知各自优缺点,也反映出TPP协定的自主性、灵活性的优点及其在程序方面给予跨国公司过大权利的不足。
本文在上述分析后,结合中美BIT谈判的实践基础,探讨TPP协定中的投资问题对我国的影响,以及我国应该如何应对,以期帮助我国积极面对TPP带来的不利影响,降低投资出口风险,为对中国在国际贸易活动中的发展有所助益。
关键词:跨太平洋伙伴关系协定;投资;国民待遇;最惠国待遇;投资争端解决机制
Abstract
TPP, namely the trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, is currently an important international multilateral economic negotiation organization. October5, 2015, TPP made a substantial breakthrough, the United States, Japan and other 10 Pan Pacific countries reached agreement on the TPP, and as an important country in the Asia Pacific region, China has not joined.
In this paper, based on the substantial breakthrough of the TPP agreement, the article focuses on the relevant provisions of the investment section of the TPP agreement. This paper for TPP agreement investment chapters on investment and investor definition analysis is carried out to understand, and with the American BIT2012 and TPP leaked version were compared, to explore the TPP on investors to invest in and defined more widely and more rich, but in order to avoid generating ambiguity and of other investment treaties "investment" is defined to provide authoritative interpretation is somewhat insufficient.
Investors on the part of investors treatment, the national treatment, most favored nation treatment, treatment for the lowest standard principle treatment provisions of analysis and understanding, with investors treatment of cases in practice, relevant treaties and American BIT2012 were compared, to explore the treatment of TPP co investors not only can greatly promote the liberalization of trade, but also has many characteristics of American investment agreements, both almost high degree of overlap.
In the part of the investment dispute settlement mechanism, this article will TPP investment dispute settlement mechanism and WTO, ICSID dispute settlement solution from the jurisdiction, the time limit, the law application, the procedure rule and so on several aspects to carry on the comparison. To explore their respective advantages and disadvantages, but also reflects the autonomy of the TPP agreement, flexibility and the advantages of the program to give Multi-National Corporation too much right.
This paper after the analysis, combined with bit negotiations between China and the United States is based on the practice, to explore the effect of TPP agreement in the investment of our country, and our country should how to deal with, in order to help China actively face the adverse effects brought by TPP and reduce the risk of investment exports, be helpful to China's development in the international trade activities.
Key Words:TPP;investment;National treatment;the most favored nation treatment;investment dispute settlement mechanism
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 2
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
1.4 研究内容 3
1.5 研究方法 3
1.6创新点 4
第2章 TPP对投资和投资者的界定 5
2.1 投资的界定 5
2.2 投资者的界定 6
第3章 TPP中的投资者待遇 8
3.1国民待遇原则 8
3.2 最惠国待遇原则 9
3.3 待遇的最低标准原则 9
3.4 转移 10
3.5 征收和补偿 10
3.6 不符措施 11
第4章 TPP中的投资争端解决机制 14
4.1 管辖范围 14
4.2 法律适用 14
4.3 处理时限 15
4.4 透明度 15
4.5 程序规则 15
4.6裁决 16
结语 19
参考文献 20
致谢 22
- 绪论
1.1 选题背景
跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement,以下简称TPP),是目前重要的多边关系的自由贸易协定。TPP一旦生效,将对亚太经济一体化进程产生重要影响,其将会整合亚太的两大经济区域合作组织,亦即亚太经合组织和东南亚国家联盟重叠的主要成员国,将其发展成为涵盖亚洲太平洋经济合作组织(APEC)大多数成员在内的亚太自由贸易区,成为亚太区域内的小型世界贸易组织。
TPP协定是由智利、新加坡、文莱、新西兰四国于2005年7月签订的“跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议”(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement,TPSEP)发展而来。2002年,新西兰、智利和新加坡首先在墨西哥APEC峰会上就建立FTA举行了谈判,文莱于2005年4月加入谈判并最终签署协议。由于该协议的创始成员国为4国,该协议也称为“P4协议”。[1]
原本只是4个发达小国之间的自由贸易协定,2009年11月14日,奥巴马宣布美国将参与TPP谈判,强调这将促进美国的就业和经济繁荣,为设定21世纪贸易协定标准做出重要贡献。由于美国的宣布加入,TPP从此备受瞩目。随后,澳大利亚、秘鲁、马来西亚和越南也宣布加入谈判,由此呈现出TPP向亚太地区参与国家进一步扩大的趋势,实现了P4向P8的转变,影响随之扩大。[1]