外资国家安全审查中的司法审查问题探析毕业论文
2021-10-27 21:57:42
摘 要
外资国家安全审查是东道国对外国投资准入的监管措施,出发点是保护国家安全免受因日益开放的环境而带来的潜在威胁。由于其具有审查标准模糊、救济手段有限的特征,很有可能侵害投资者合法权益,挫伤其投资积极性,长远以来也不利于东道国发展。因此,如何在国家安全和投资者利益之间平衡,对于每个建立外资国家安全审查制度的国家而言,都需要仔细考虑。
我国《外商投资法》第35条规定了外资国家安全审查制度,意味着该制度正式以法律形式确定下来,对于维护国家安全具有重要意义,但是该条文第2款规定“依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定”,似乎排除了司法审查的可能性,使得我国的国家安全审查制度缺乏实质性的救济机制,不利于外国投资者权益保护,同时也会增加政府因缺少约束而滥用安全审查的风险。我国建立外资安审的司法审查制度,目前的障碍有缺乏法律依据、安全审查政治属性、审查机构相关问题等,但这些障碍均有可消除或解决的可能性。因此建立外资安审的司法审查制度既有必要性也有可行性。
目前各国对于外资安审的司法审查模式大概可分为三种,法国代表的实体可诉模式、澳大利亚代表的程序可诉模式、美国代表的不可诉模式,三种模式下投资者均有司法救济空间。在今后落实35条第2款的具体配套工作中,我国可借鉴相关国际经验,采用有限的司法审查模式,也即司法权可以介入国家安全审查机构的程序性事项,从而赋予外国投资者必要的司法救济权利,另一方面也可完善我国国家安全审查制度,提升外资管理、保护水平。
关键词:《外商投资法》;国家安全审查;司法审查;比较研究
Abstract
Aiming to protect national security from potential threats arising from an increasingly open environment, national security review of foreign investment is one of the host country’s regulatory measures for foreign investment. Due to its vague standard and limited remedy means, this system is likely to infringe the rights and interests of investors and frustrate their enthusiasm for investment. In the long run, the development of the host country will also be affected. Therefore, attention should be focused on how to balance the national security and the interests of investors.
As a sign of the new era where foreign investment will be endowed with more benefits, Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted on March 15, 2019, formally establishing the National Security Review System for foreign investment in article 35. However, paragraph 2 of this article clearly stipulates that “The security review decision made in accordance with the law is final.”, which is not a good sign for foreign investors. Because they don’t have effective redress mechanism, and it will increase the risk that governments will abuse security power. In this essay, the author analyzes some obstacles preventing the establishment of judicial review, such as political features and problems related to organization. Despite of these obstacles, we can still see the necessity and feasibility of the judicial review system.
At present, there are three kinds of judicial review models for foreign investment security review: first, French, the entity reviewable model; second, Australia, the procedure reviewable model; and third, the United States, the non-reviewable model. In the practical work of implementing paragraph 2 of Article 35 in the future, China can learn from the relevant international experience and consider adopting the limited mode of judicial review.
Key Words:Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China;national security review;judicial review;comparative study
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究方法 2
1.4 研究内容与创新点 3
第2章 司法审查的立法现状及其障碍 4
2.1 我国外资安审司法审查现行规定及其缺陷 4
2.2 我国建立外资安审司法审查制度的障碍 4
2.2.1 司法审查缺乏法律依据 5
2.2.2 外资国家安全审查的政治属性 5
2.2.3 审查机构问责的模糊性 5
第3章 司法审查的必要性及可行性 7
3.1 建立司法审查制度合法合理 7
3.1.1 完善我国外资安审制度的必然要求 7
3.1.2 司法审查制度可行性分析 7
3.2 政治属性并不排除司法救济空间 8
3.2.1 有必要区分政治问题和法律问题 8
3.2.2 政治问题法律化的可行性 8
3.3 审查机构问责可明确 9
3.3.1 明确审查机构的必要性 9
3.3.2 审查机构完善途径 9
第4章 司法审查的立法完善与制度设计 10
4.1 司法审查的范围分析 10
4.1.1 实体可诉模式——以法国为例 10
4.1.2 实体不可诉模式——以澳大利亚为例 11
4.1.3 不可诉模式——以美国为例 11
4.1.4 我国审查范围的选择 13
4.2 司法审查的程序设计 13
4.2.1 司法审查的管辖法院 13
4.2.2 司法审查的诉讼主体 14
4.2.3 司法审查的公开程度 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 17