论文总字数：13860字

摘 要

探视权是父母行使监护权的一种特殊方式，它为不与未成年子女共同生活的一方能够会见未成年子女提供了可能。但随着社会生活的变迁，我国《婚姻法》对探视权的规定已经难以回应时代的要求。其中最显著的问题就是探视权的主体范围过于狭窄。我国探视权采用亲权说，因此我国《婚姻法》也规定了只有离婚后，不与未成年子女共同生活的父或母才有权行使探视权。但对社会生活中出现的祖父母、外祖父母行使探视权的情形，现行的法律规范并无涉及。祖父母、外祖父母行使探视权不仅有生理和血缘上的合理性，还是符合我国国情和现有家庭结构和社会生活的需要。经过学者们的努力，隔代探视权已经进入人们的视野，正在编纂的《民法典》也计划赋予祖父母、外祖父母的隔代探视权以合法地位。除此之外，我国探视权制度还存在：未成年子女最大利益原则没有确立；中止事项不明确；执行难等问题，这些问题可以通过正式确立未成年子女最大利益原则、充分考虑未成年子女的意愿、制定更加细化的规定、引入第三方机构等多种措施解决。

关键词：探视权 未成年子女 未成年子女最大利益原则

A brief Analysis of the Legislative purpose and practical problems of visitation Rights

Abstract

Visitation is a special way for parents to exercise guardianship, which makes it possible for a party who does not live with a minor child to meet with a minor child. However, with the change of social life, the provisions of the Marriage Law on visitation rights in China have been difficult to respond to the requirements of the times. But，visitation right is too narrow. The visiting right of our country adopts the theory of parental authority, so the Marriage Law of our country also stipulates that only after divorce, the father or mother who does not live with the minor children has the right to exercise the visitation right. However, with regard to the exercise of visiting rights by grandparents and grandparents in social life, the existing legal norms and None involved. The exercise of the right of the grandparents and grandparents not only has both physical and blood rationality, but also meets the needs of the national conditions and the existing family structure and the social life. Through the efforts of the scholars, the right of the next generation has entered the people's field of view, and the Code of the Civil Code is being compiled. In addition, the system of the country's visitation rights also exists: the principle of the maximum benefit of the minor children is not established; the suspension is not clear; it is difficult to carry out the problems. These problems can be formulated through the formal establishment of the principle of the maximum interests of the minor children, fully considering the will of the minor children, More detailed provisions, the introduction of third-party institutions and other measures to solve.

Key words: visiting right；minor children；the principle of the best interests of the child

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、 探视权的法理剖析 2

（一）探视权的概念 2

（二）探视权的性质归属 3

1.监护权说 4

2.亲权说 4

3.身份权说 4

4.对探视权的性质定性 5

二、 探视权法律关系分析 7

（一）探视权的主体 7

1. 探视权人 7

2.探视权义务人 8

3.探视权相对人 8

（二）探视权的客体 8

（三）探视权的内容 9

三、探视权在实践中存在的问题 10

（一）探视权的主体范围过窄 10

1.“父母” 10

2.“祖父母、外祖父母” 10

（二）探视权的行使内容及方式无法具体实施 10

（三） 探视权中止的规定过于笼统 11

（四） 探视权的执行难以实现 11

四、我国探视权的完善 12

（一）确立儿童最大利益原则 13

（二）在探视权诉讼中听取未成年子女的意见 13

（三）扩大探视权主体范围 13

1.扩大“父母”的范围 14

2.祖辈也应成为探视权的主体 14

（四）推动第三方参与 14

（五）明确法定中止事项 15

结语 16

参考文献 17

致谢 18

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