论文总字数：14206字

摘 要

南海在历史上一直是属于中国的，并且中国也一直对南海有着行之有效的行政管理。南海不仅具有重要的战略地位，并且还蕴藏着大量的自然资源。这几年来，随着对南海一些新能源的探测和利用，不少国家的目光都被南海所吸引。在这些国家当中最明显的就是菲律宾和越南，越南不断拓展自己与美国的关系企图摆脱中国的援助，以此来在南海问题中获取更多的话语权，菲律宾则是对南海主权抛出一些不着边际的言论。这些国家不仅仅使用语言对中国进行攻击，还侵占了部分南海岛屿并且大肆的攫取油气资源和海洋资源，甚且派遣军队加强对南海的实际控制。对中国解决南海问题更加不利的是美国、日本这些区域外国家，他们也想通过南海问题削弱中国在东南亚地区的影响力，并且将南海问题从区域内问题发展成为国际化问题，从而使中国在南海问题中陷入被动的尴尬处境。对于中国来说，不仅仅是南海中的大量自然资源利益受到了损害，也威胁到了周边领土的安全。面对这些复杂的情况和形势，中国应该通过诉讼和仲裁、加强国际合作等符合国际法的途径，推动南海争端得到解决。

关键词：南海主权 国际法依据 双边条约 诉讼和仲裁

International Law Protection of the South China Sea interests

Abstract

South China Sea is one of the sea area that China owned and efficiently managed from ancient to now. It is important to China not only for its strategic position, but also for the large quantity of natural resources. In the last few years, since more and more natural resources have been discovered and developed, South China Sea has caught much attention from other countries. Two of them are being aggressive and obvious, which are Philippine and Vietnam. Since they are geographically close to China, they are trying to claim the baseline by using The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Moreover, The law of sea also gives them confidence to claim exclusive economic zone and contiguous zone. Beside the vocal offense, they have occupied some of the islands and setup oil fields in South China Sea. Even the military power has been sent to ensure their illegal actions. The territorial waters and natural resources have been threatened by our unfriendly neighbors. Even worse, some countries that have not located in this area are keeping eyes on South China Sea problem, such as the United States and Japan. South China Sea problem is like Achilles’ Heel to China. It could be easily countered by others who were willing to see China lose significant role in South Asia. It also could be a disadvantage for China to maintain relationships among Southeast Asia. When the South China Sea problem became a global problem, it would place China into a passive position in dealing with it. For China itself, offensive occupation in South China Sea not only brought massive damage to natural resources, but also China’s territorial water has been provoked. Unexpected military power is being a menace to innocent Chinese citizens who live around the area. In this comprehensive circumstance, China should deal with South Asia problem with cautions. China should take advantage from laws, such as litigation, arbitration and global cooperation.

Key Words:South China Sea sovereignty;In accordance with international law;Bilateral treaties;Litigation and Arbitration；

目录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

一、南海争端概述 1

（一）南海问题和现状 1

（二）南海争夺的缘由 2

1．美国、日本的政治举措 2

2．南海丰富的资源 3

3．重要的战略位置 3

4．《联合国海洋公约》加剧了问题冲突 4

二、南海主权的国际法依据 4

（一）我国主张的国际法依据 4

1．“先占”与“发现” 4

2．历史性水域概述 5

（二）其他国家的主张依据 6

1．邻近原则 6

2．有效原则 6

3．“无主地”说 6

三、应对南海争端的国际法路径 7

（一）促成具有法律约束力的双边条约 7

（二）诉讼和仲裁 8

1．利用国际仲裁解决南海争端 8

2．利用国际司法解决南海争端 8

（三）加强国际合作 9

结语 11

参考文献 11

致谢 14

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