摘 要

有限责任公司作为当今社会中的一种最广泛的企业形态,已然成为社会经济发展的主要动力之一，并受到众多投资者的青睐。股权转让是投资者获得股权的主要方式，但由于我国公司法对股权转让所规定的条件与程序相对简单，各种学说纷争不断，部分股权转让问题没有统一的适用标准，导致实践中对各种股权转让案件的判定不一。这不仅影响到股东的正当权益,损害公司的健康有序发展,也损害了法律应有的尊严。因此,这就要求我们对有限公司股权转让制度进行新的审视,完善具体法律制度。本文紧紧围绕有限责任公司股权转让这一主线，主要研究有限责任公司股权转让的条件及法律效果问题。本文分为三章：

第一章以把握本文之基础为叙写目的，介绍股权转让的基础理论，对股权、股权转让的定义进行阐述，探讨股权转让的概念有狭义与广义、外部与内部之分，并明确本文专注于狭义的、外部的股权转让。明确股权及股权转让的基本内涵，总结股权性质的不同学说，支持股权转让是一种债权、准物权、要式法律行为，股权必须完整性转让的观点。

第二章分析股权转让的条件，明确股权转让合同在合同法上所需的一般生效要件，运用具体案例进行阐释，并提出股权转让在公司法上的特殊限制规则。特殊限制规则包括对外股权转让应当由其余过半数的股东同意并放弃优先购买权，并应当申请公司变更股东名册登记，以及变更工商登记。并对这些具体制度进行深入分析，支持优先购买权的性质为附条件的形成权说，对于法条规定的“同等条件”的内涵支持相对同等说，阐释了变更股东名册登记具有权力外观的意义，指出工商登记变更具有证权性、对抗第三人的特点。

第三章深入探讨股权转让效力的影响及股东资格确认之分析。承接上一篇章分析股权转让变更登记的法律效果，包括股东名册变更登记和股东工商登记变更。支持股东名册变更登记采对抗要件说。并运用具体案例进行阐释。第二节深入研究违反其他股东优先购买权的法律效果。支持违反其余股东优先购买权的股权变动采可撤销说。提出股东违反优先购买权时，其他股东可主张的救济权利。第三节探讨瑕疵股权转让的法律效果。分析瑕疵股权转让协议是否具有效力，并支持有效说的观点。评析了关于瑕疵股权转让的责任承担的三种学说。

关键词：有限责任公司；股权转让；股权变动

Abstract

As one of the most extensive corporate forms in today's society, limited liability company has become the basic cell of social and economic development and is favored by many investors. Equity transfer is the main way of investors to take stakes, but because our country company law to the conditions and procedures stipulated in the equity transfer is relatively simple, various theories strife, part of the equity transfer issue there is no uniform standard, lead to practice for a variety of different stock transfer case judgement. This not only affects the legitimate rights and interests of shareholders, damages the healthy and orderly development of the company, but also damages the dignity of the law. Therefore, this requires us to take a new look at the equity transfer system of the limited liability company and improve the specific legal system. This paper focuses on the transfer of equity in the limited liability company, and mainly studies the conditions and legal effect of the transfer of equity in a limited liability company. This paper is divided into three chapters:

First chapter is to grasp the foundation for the purpose of this article, introduce the basic theory of equity transfer, the paper expounds the definition of equity, equity transfer, this article discusses the concept of equity transfer are broad and narrow sense, external and internal, and clearly this paper focus on a narrow, external equity transfer. Clear the basic connotation of equity and equity transfer, summary of the different nature of equity theory, support for equity transfer is a kind of creditor's rights, quasi real right, legal actions, must integrity of equity transfer point of view.

The second chapter analyzes the conditions of the transfer of equity, clarifies the general effective requirements of the equity transfer contract in the contract law, and proposes the special restriction rules for the transfer of equity in the company law. The special restrictions shall include the transfer of shares by a majority of the other shareholders and give up the preemptive right, and the company shall apply for the company to change the register of shareholders and change the business registration. And to in-depth analysis of the concrete system, support the formation of the nature of the right of first refusal for conditional rights, said the law regulation of the connotation of "equal terms" said support relatively equal, explains the change of shareholders register has the power to the appearance of meaning, points out that the industrial and commercial registration change has the characteristics of the right sex, against a third party.

The third chapter discusses the influence of equity transfer effectiveness and the analysis of shareholder qualification. To undertake the last chapter to analyze the legal effect of the transfer of equity transfer, including the register of shareholders and the change of business registration. Support the register of shareholders to change the registration of countermeasures. Section ii studies the legal effect of violating the preemptive right of other shareholders. Support for the change of equity in violation of the preemptive right of other shareholders. When the shareholder violates the preemptive right, other shareholders can claim the right of relief. Section 3 discusses the legal effect of defective equity transfer. Analyze the effectiveness of the defective equity transfer contract and support the valid point of view.

Key Words：Limited liability company; Equity transfer; Equity changes