摘 要

随着社会分工愈发的细化，越来越需要通过消费交易这种方式来满足人与人之间的需求，消费也成为了经济增长的最重要的引擎。而在消费交易中，由于受制与信息不对称等因素的影响，相较于经营者，消费者总是处于弱势地位。基于这种不平等性，在消费交易中极易出现经营者销售假冒伪劣产品，欺诈消费者这种不法经营的现象。在我国当下时代，由于并无法律明确规定消费欺诈的认定标准，消费者维权成本高，维权艰难，消费交易环境乱象丛生，消费欺诈现象比比皆是，消费者的权益极其容易被侵害。

消费欺诈标准的不确定性，一方面使得我国出现了许多关于消费欺诈认定的案例同案不同判的情况，甚至判决完全矛盾的情形，使得消费者在采用诉讼途径维护自己利益的时候，产生了担忧和迷惑，不到万不得已不敢轻易去对经营者提起诉讼。另一方面，传统上的认定标准过于强调购物者的主观状态，很容易排除《消法》对购物者的保护，让消费者维权艰难，不法经营者逃避了法律责任。一定程度上也使得不法经营者越来越多，不法经营现象越来越严重，甚至在食品药品这些关系到国民生命健康安全的领域也存在大量的欺诈消费者，销售不合格产品的行为，影响了经济的良性发展。

正是基于当下时代的消费交易环境和《消法》的立法目的，本文选择消费欺诈认定标准研究为论文主题，对消费欺诈的认定进行探讨，提出符合法理、道德、现行法律规定的客观化的认定标准。全文结构如下：

第1章为绪论。该章首先介绍了本文的选题背景及意义，然后对国内外学者有关消费欺诈的研究成果进行了综述，同时介绍了本文的主要内容及研究方法，最后简要的介绍了本文的创新之处与存在的不足。

第2章为消费欺诈认定标准的理论分析。该章通过分析比较，指出消费欺诈不同于民事欺诈，有其自己的特殊性，不能简单的套用民事欺诈的认定标准，并对传统的消费欺诈的认定标准进行评析，指出传统的消费欺诈认定标准不利于对消费者权益的保护。

第3章为消费欺诈标准认定现状及存在的问题。该章通过三则案例展现了我国现阶段消费欺诈标准认定的现状，分析了消费欺诈认定过程中存在的问题，以此作为论证消费欺诈采用客观化认定标准具有可行性的出发点。

第4章为消费欺诈认定采取客观化标准的可行性分析。该章从法理、道德、现行法律规定角度全面的论证了消费欺诈认定采取客观化标准具有可行性。

第5章为本文的研究结论，即通过本文的初步研究，得出消费欺诈认定标准宜采用客观化的认定标准的研究结论。

关键词：消费欺诈 认定标准 客观化标准

Abstract

As the social division of labor becomes more and more detailed, it is more and more necessary to meet the needs of people through the way of consumer transaction. Consumption has become the most important engine of economic growth. In consumer transactions, consumers are always in a weak position compared with managers because of the influence of constraints and information asymmetry. On the basis of this inequality, it is very easy for operators to sell fake and inferior products and fraudulent consumers in consumer transactions. In the present era of our country, because there is no law clearly prescribing the standards for the determination of consumer fraud, consumer rights protection costs are high, rights protection is difficult, the consumer trading environment is chaotic, and the phenomenon of consumer fraud is everywhere. Consumers rights are extremely vulnerable to infringement.

The uncertainty of the standard of consumption fraud, on the one hand, it has led to many different judgments in the same case concerning the determination of consumption fraud, or even totally contradictory judgments. So that consumers in the way of litigation to protect their own interests, the worry and confusion, but not the last resort to sue the operator easily. On the other hand, the traditional standard emphasizes too much on the subjective state of the shopper, and it is easy to rule out the protection of the shopper by Consumer rights protection law, which makes it difficult for consumers to protect their rights, and the illegal operator evades legal responsibility. To a certain extent, the illegal operators are getting more and more, the illegal business phenomenon is more and more serious, even in the field of food and drug relations to the national life health and safety, there are a large number of fraud consumers, the sale of unqualified products , and the benign development of the economy.

Based on the current consumer trading environment and the legislative purpose of the Consumer rights protection law, this paper chooses the research of the standard of consumer fraud as the theme of this paper, discusses the identification of consumer fraud, and puts forward that it conforms to the legal theory and morality. The standard of objectification established by the current law. The structure of the text is as follows:

Chapter 1 is the introduction. This chapter first introduces the background and significance of this topic, then summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on consumer fraud, and introduces the main content and research methods of this paper. Finally, the paper briefly introduces the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.

Chapter 2 is the theoretical analysis of the standard of consumer fraud. Through analysis and comparison, this chapter points out that consumer fraud is different from civil fraud, it has its own particularity, it can not simply apply the identification standard of civil fraud, and analyze the traditional identification standard of consumer fraud. It is pointed out that the traditional standard of consumer fraud is not conducive to the protection of consumers rights and interests.

Chapter 3 is the status quo and existing problems of consumer fraud standards. This chapter shows the current situation of consumer fraud standards in China through three cases, and analyzes the problems in the process of consumer fraud identification, as a starting point to demonstrate the feasibility of using objective standards for consumer fraud.

Chapter 4 is the feasibility analysis of the objective standard for the determination of consumer fraud. This chapter fully demonstrates the feasibility of objectifying standards for consumer fraud from the point of view of legal theory, morality and current legal provisions.