摘 要

本文首先从建立基层监察委员会外部监督机制的必要性出发，对监察委员会外部监督机制建立的重要意义进行探讨，即认为外部监督机制的建立将有利于发挥基层监察机关的反腐作用，有利于防止监察权的滥用，有利于维护监察机关的公信力，有利于充分保障被监察者的权利。但是就目前来说，建立外部监督机制存在一些困境，主要表现为：监察活动的特殊性使得外部监督难以开展，立法技术上的不完备让外部监督难以落实，过分强调外部监督，容易对执法办案产生消极影响。这些困境有些是监督机制建立沉疴，有些则可通过比较其他优秀经验可以解决的，世界上各个地区的反贪机构职能不同，形式多样，在其责任机制的建立上却是具有共性的，对我国具有一定的借鉴意义。如瑞典的议会专员制度，澳大利亚新南威尔士州ICAC的专门监督制度，香港廉政公署的外部社会监督制度。本文通过对域外地区监察机关监督制度的比较，总结相关经验，结合国情，借鉴于我国基层监察委员会外部监督机制建立。由于行动上的独立是赢取及维持公众信任的关键，因此，在外部监督机制的建立过程中要保证监察权的独立性，同时监督不仅体现在“监”也体现在”督”上，因此责任机制建立可分为两个方面：一是督促机制，主要涵盖人大及其常委会、党的纪律检查机关和社会舆论、公共群众的监督。二是制约机制，主要包括监察对象、司法机关的制约。当这两个方面充分结合时，外部监督机制将会更加合理有效，从而达到权力在制衡中有效运行的目的。

本文主要研究了基层监察委员会外部监督机制如何有效运行的问题，研究结果表明权力容易导致腐败，绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败，故建立基层监察委员会外部监督机制极为迫切，如果不能够有效的规制监察权，那么这种权力将会严重威胁公民私权和国家权力的有效运转，所以为例推动监督组织的可持续发展，平衡多方监督机制势在必行。而建立起由社会贤达所参与的各个外部监督机制，不仅仅能够防患基层监察委员会权力的滥用，更能够促进人权的障，还能够提升社会公众对监察组织的理解与信任，为反腐败行动在全社会的开展奠定良好的群众基础。

关键词：监察机关；权力制约；基层；机制

Abstract

Starting from the necessity of establishing the external supervision mechanism of the grass-roots supervisory committee, this paper discusses the significance of the establishment of the external supervision mechanism of the supervisory committee. That is to say, the establishment of the external supervision mechanism will be conducive to giving full play to the anti-corruption role of the grass-roots supervisory organs, to preventing the abuse of the supervisory power, to maintaining the credibility of the supervisory organs, and to fully protecting the rights of the supervised persons. However, at present, there are some difficulties in establishing an external supervision mechanism, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the particularity of supervisory activities makes it difficult to carry out external supervision, and the imperfection of legislation technology makes it difficult for external supervision to be carried out. Excessive external supervision will constrain prison Observe the effect. Although the functions of anti-corruption agencies in various regions of the world are different and varied, the establishment of their responsibility mechanisms has a common character, which has certain reference significance for our country. Examples include Sweden's Parliamentary Commissioner system, ICAC's special supervisory system in New South Wales, and the Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption's external social oversight system. Based on the comparison of the supervision system in the overseas areas, the relevant experiences can be summed up, and the external supervision mechanism of the grass-roots supervisory committee in China can be used for reference in the light of the national conditions. Since operational independence is the key to winning and maintaining public trust, it is important to establish an external oversight mechanism To ensure the independence of the supervisory power, and at the same time to ensure that supervision is embodied not only in "supervision" but also in "supervision", the establishment of the responsibility mechanism can be divided into two aspects: one is the supervisory mechanism, which mainly includes the NPC and its standing Committee. Supervision of the Communist Party of China and public opinion. The second is the restriction mechanism, mainly including the supervision object and the restriction of the judicial organ. Only the full combination of the two aspects can make the mechanism of external supervision and restriction more reasonable and the effect more obvious, so as to achieve the purpose of constructing the system.

This paper mainly studies the effective operation of the external supervision mechanism of the grass-roots supervisory committee. The research results show that the rights tend to lead to corruption, and absolute power leads to absolute corruption. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to establish an external supervisory mechanism of the grass-roots procuratorial committee. If the exercise of the supervisory power is not effectively regulated, then this power will become a serious threat to citizens' rights, and only through a multi-party supervisory mechanism can it be balanced. In order to promote the sustainable development of supervisory organizations. The establishment of various external oversight mechanisms with the participation of the community sages will not only prevent the grassroots supervisory committees from abusing their power, strengthen the protection of human rights, but also promote the society. Will the public understanding and trust in the supervisory bodies, to promote the development of anti-corruption action in the whole society.

Key Words：Supervisory organ; restriction of powers ; grass-roots level; mechanism