摘 要

改革开放以来，我国社会经济各方面有了长足发展，经济水平大幅提高，科技、文化、体育、教育等事业也取得巨大进步。但是我国仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，人民日益增长的物质文化需求同生产力之间仍有矛盾，这种矛盾体现在社会发展的各个方面，尤其体现在城市中小学教育领域。

我国当前实行九年义务制教育，体现了中小学教育的重要性，中小学生人数巨大，学生自制能力和自我保护能力较差，校园环境与校园公共安全显得尤为重要。城市中小学综合应急演练方案是规避校园风险，为中小学生健康成长保驾护航的关键一环。全面提升城市中小学综合应急演练方案制定能力与水平，尽量从源头减少校园突发事件的发生，不断提升校园安全风险识别和防范能力，努力推进突发事件善后处理，迫在眉睫。以目前城市中小学综合应急演练现状来看，为达到提升校园突发事件应急能力的目的，我们应以预防为先，推进校园安全标准化建设，深入了解当前城市中小学综合应急演练方案制定的背景，目的，优劣势，加强社会参与到城市中小学应急演练方案的制定中来，不断完善中小学突发事件应急演练方案制定的各个环节，提高综合应急演练水平。

关键词：城市中小学；突发事件；应急演练

Abstract

Since the reform and opening up, China's socio-economic aspects have made great progress, a substantial increase in economic level, science and technology, culture, sports, education and other undertakings have made great progress. However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism, there is still a contradiction between the growing material and cultural needs of the people and the productive forces. This contradiction is embodied in all aspects of social development, especially in urban primary and secondary education.

Primary and secondary school stage is an important stage of education, primary and secondary school students in the growth and success of the critical period, the campus environment and campus public safety is particularly important. Urban primary and secondary comprehensive emergency drills program is to avoid the campus risk, for the healthy growth of primary and secondary students escort a key link. Improve the campus risk identification ability, from the source to prevent the campus emergencies, to promote the incident to deal with the aftermath, comprehensive improvement of primary and secondary comprehensive emergency exercise program development ability and level is imminent. In order to improve the emergency capability of campus emergencies, we should actively prevent and understand the background, purpose, advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive urban emergency response plan in primary and secondary schools, strengthen the social participation and improve the primary and secondary schools. Incident emergency training program to develop a combination of, in order to promote the campus safety standardization, improve the level of comprehensive emergency drills.

Key words: Urban primary and secondary schools；Emergencies；Emergency drills

目 录

摘 要 III

Abstract IV

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3 研究内容及研究方法 3

第2章 城市中小学应急演练方案制定总体概述 5

2.1应急演练概述 5

2.2应急演练方案一般流程 5

2.3城市中小学应急演练方案制定的原则 6

第3章 国内外中小学应急演练的发展 7

3.1国内中小学应急演练的发展 7

3.2国外中小学应急演练的发展 7

第4章 城市中小学应急演练方案分析（以武汉市为例） 9

4.1武汉市社会经济特点及中小学现状 9

4.2武汉市中小学应急管理现状的调查 9

4.3武汉市中小学应急演练存在的问题 11

4.4武汉市中小学应急演练方案存在的问题原因分析 12

第5章 提高武汉市中小学应急演练方案制定水平的改进建议 14

5.1加强制度建设 14

5.2加强社会参与 14

5.3加强政府资源整合 14

5.4加强专业人才培养 15

第6章总结与展望 16

6.1全文总结 16

6.2未来展望 16

参考文献 17

附录 18

附录A关于城市中小学防灾情况的调查问卷（学校行政工作人员） 18

附录B关于城市中小学防灾情况的调查问卷（学校教师） 20