基于区块链的社会公益组织发展研究毕业论文
2021-11-06 23:17:13
摘 要
社会公益组织引入区块链技术能够促进公益捐款的全过程追溯,解决公益捐赠物到求助人手中的“最后一公里”问题。
文章先介绍我国各公益组织自成立以来,在功能、种类以及数量上都以良好的态势发展,社会服务热度不减,但种种舆论事件也表明公益组织目前存在缺乏有效监管、民间组织合法地位缺失、公益信息透明度不高以及法制建设滞后的问题。
接着研究区块链技术,一个有温度的技术,天生适配用于公益组织中,其具有透明可信、防篡改可追溯、开放共识高可靠、去中心化去信任等亮点和优势,有利于解决公益组织中面临的各种问题。并在此基础上分析目前区块链技术在公益组织当中的应用,主要在信息透明可追溯、信息共享、信息认证及管理等场景。
世界上没有完美的技术,看似革命性的技术依然存在其不可避免的各种问题。区块链技术在公益组织当中的应用无论在技术、人才还是投入等方面存在着许多挑战。从技术上看,处于技术萌芽的应用,存在技术标准不完善、信息共享有困难以及链外交易存在等问题。从人才方面看,区块链人才面临供需失衡问题以及公益组织内部专业人员缺乏问题。从投入方面,相关法律、资金以及科研方面均存在投入不足的挑战。就我国而言,政府以及各机构要加紧技术难题攻关,表现为建立技术标准、构建多方开发公共平台以及减少链外交易;同时要加快优质“区块链 公益”复合型人才培养,即构建产研学人才培养体系和加大培训力度确保人才输出;最后需要加大各方面投入,包括但不局限于积极推动相关法规建设、吸纳社会各界资金以及强化技术研究,以期促进区块链技术在公益组织中的普遍应用。
关键词:社会公益组织;区块链技术;公信力;去中心化
Abstract
The introduction of blockchain technology by social welfare organizations can promote the whole process of charitable donations, and solve the problem of "last mile" from charitable donations to helpers.
The article first introduces that since the establishment of various public welfare organizations in our country, they have developed in a good manner in terms of function, type and quantity, and the social service has not been reduced. However, various public opinion events also indicate that there are currently lack of effective supervision and the lack of legal status of civil organizations 1. The issue of low transparency of public welfare information and the lag of legal construction.
Then study the blockchain technology, a technology with temperature, which is naturally suitable for use in public welfare organizations. It has the advantages and advantages of transparency and credibility, anti-tampering and traceability, open consensus and high reliability, and decentralization and detrust. Solve various problems faced by public welfare organizations. And on this basis, it is analyzed that the current application of blockchain technology in public welfare organizations is mainly in the scenarios of information transparency and traceability, information sharing, information authentication and management.
There is no perfect technology in the world, and seemingly revolutionary technology still has its inevitable problems. The application of blockchain technology in public welfare organizations has many challenges in terms of technology, talent and investment. From a technical point of view, in the budding application of technology, there are problems such as imperfect technical standards, difficulties in sharing information, and the existence of off-chain transactions. From the perspective of talents, blockchain talents face the problem of imbalance between supply and demand and the shortage of professionals within public welfare organizations. From the aspect of investment, there are challenges of insufficient investment in relevant laws, funds and scientific research. As far as our country is concerned, the government and various agencies must step up technical problems, which is manifested by establishing technical standards, building a multi-party development public platform and reducing off-chain transactions; at the same time, it is necessary to accelerate the cultivation of high-quality "blockchain public welfare" composite talents, that is Production and research personnel training system and increase training efforts to ensure the output of talents; in the end, it is necessary to increase investment in all aspects, including but not limited to actively promoting the construction of relevant laws and regulations, absorbing funds from all walks of life, and strengthening technical research in order to promote blockchain technology in public welfare Universal application in the organization.
Key Words:Commonweal organizations;Blockchain technology;Credibility;Decentralization
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状综述 1
1.3 研究内容和方法 3
第2章 社会公益组织现状及问题 4
2.1 公益组织的现状 4
2.2 公益组织存在的问题 5
第3章 区块链技术相关研究 8
3.1 区块链介绍 8
3.2 区块链的亮点 8
3.3 区块链技术在公益组织中的应用 10
第4章 基于区块链的社会公益组织发展中的挑战及应对 13
4.1 技术难题 13
4.2 人才短缺 15
4.3 投入不足 17
4.4 对策建议 19
第5章 全文总结与研究展望 22
5.1 全文总结 22
5.2 研究展望 22
参考文献 24
致谢 26
绪论
研究背景及意义
伴随着科技进步和网络信息技术的急速发展,公益慈善事业正在我国疾速发展,以及各项公益活动在社会各个角落的开展,社会捐赠数量保持着上升趋势,与此同时,社会公益组织呈平稳发展的趋势,在精准扶贫、紧急救助和处理社会问题方面都可以看到他们繁忙的身影。要说的是,尽管我国公益慈善事业已初见成效,但存在的问题也在日渐暴露于众。前有上海红十字会的高额餐饮费、汶川地震天价的帐篷,接着是河南“宋基金”非法集资、女大学生吴花燕百万捐款变2万,到如今疫情下的武汉红十字会等新闻事件的曝光,无一不在降低公众对公益组织的信任值。为何官方解释说明不足以令公众信服,为何慈善过程的阴云总是令人敏感不适?可能并非舆论吹毛求疵,而是过往的慈善污点已让公益信任脆弱不堪。事实上,捐赠者的信任对于保证公益组织组织的长期可持续性是至关重要的,互联网上曝光的各类丑闻更容易导致普遍的信任缺失。
将区块链技术引入到社会公益组织中,最大限度地解决了公益组织中捐赠物资去向不清晰、捐赠动向对捐赠者隐瞒、部分人寻租等问题。可以将从资金物品的收集、项目进展到最终使用情况、接受者的反馈等整个过程的信息存储在公共区块链上,对于捐赠者和公众来说,可以随时随地进行检查和监督善款动向,避免公益组织作假。此外,区块链技术的使用使得只要保留记录就很难改变会计账簿,这大大提高了公众对社会公益组织的信任,并给了公益组织一个自证公正性、提高信息透明度和建立信誉的机会。
国内外研究现状综述
国内研究现状
计算机领域的第五次里程碑式的创新——区块链技术的出现,不断加快“信息互联网”到“价值互联网”的转型。现如今,区块链技术逐渐深入到社会的各个领域。在教育领域,吴永和、程歌星等人通过对比说明国内外区块链技术应用到教育领域的研究以及应用现状,指出了“区块链 教育”的发展应用保持着一种多点关联、平稳增长的趋势,不断从理论研究推向规范化、制度化的实践验证[1]。在银行领域,杨凯表明银行业运用区块链技术可以实现直接点对点的联系,不必再引入第三方中介,这样可以实现快捷支付交易的同时极大限度的降低运作成本[2]。在保险业务中,张丙元基于区块链技术的特点以及我国家庭财产保险的投保情况,聚焦分析家庭财产保险所面临的主要问题,研究出一条借助区块链技术促进家庭财产保险可持续发展的方案[3]。在金融领域,郭菊娥、陈辰指出区块链技术凭借其分布式存储等核心技术,为保障我国供应链金融的安全和进行供应链金融体制优化提供了强有力的决策依据[4]。