论文总字数：24202字

摘 要

近年来，随着我国教育事业的蓬勃发展，学校教育已经不仅仅限于困顿于校园的寒窗苦读，“德智体美劳全面发展”一跃成为了新时代的教育标语，通过校外活动来发展教育的新方式也因此得到重视。对于新时代的学生而言，中小学校外活动具有不可替代的教育意义，我们在肯定中小学校外活动对学生生活能力的提升起到了积极的作用的同时，对其存在的风险也不容小觑。中小学校外活动存在的风险，可能引发学生的健康安全问题，在学校与家长之间引起不必要的纠纷，对学生的身心影响可能是终生性的，因此，中小学校外活动需要引起我们的高度重视。本文将集中探讨中小学校外活动场所的安全风险因素，主要围绕以下几方面问题展开：

一、阐明本文研究的目的和意义。笔者之所以要对中小学校外活动场所的安全风险因素进行分析，是因为中小学校外活动对学校学生的教育有着积极的一面，无法采取“一刀切”的规制方法。并且，深入中小学校外活动场所的安全风险因素的分析，有利于从源头上预防校外活动场所存在的安全问题，推动校外活动的开展，更好的促进学校教育和发展和保护学生的身心健康安全。

二、准确界定中小学校外活动场所的分类，并对不同的中小学校外活动场所存在的安全风险进行评估，划分不同的中小学校外活动场所的安全风险等级。厘清中小学校外活动场所的分类，可以使中小学校外活动场所的范围更加明确。评估不同中小学校外活动场所的安全等级，可以尽量减少安全风险因素中的环境因素对中小学校外安全所带来的影响。对于不同年级的学生（小学、初中、高中），确定不同安全风险等级的校外活动场所，具有十分必要的现实意义。

三、通过收集对校外活动场所的安全风险因素的调查问卷，进行数据分析，来明确校外活动中各类安全风险因素的风险等级，对不同风险等级的安全因素，提出不同的解决办法。

四、对校外活动场所的安全风险因素进行分析，主要从管理因素、人员因素、交通因素、环境因素四个方面入手，通过分析安全风险因素，对降低校外活动安全风险的问题，解决提出自己的见解。

五、全文总结与研究展望。通过总结全文的研究问题，突出研究重点，正确分析存在的问题，并提出相应的解决办法。此外，对于校外活动场所范围的调整，丰富中小学校外活动场所的类别，提出自己的规划与展望。

 关键词：中小学校外活动；校外活动场所；安全风险因素；研学旅行

Abstract

In recent years, with the vigorous development of education in our country, school education has not only been confined to the cold window of the campus to study hard. For the students in the new era, the activities outside primary and secondary schools have irreplaceable educational significance. While we affirm that the activities outside primary and secondary schools play a positive role in the improvement of students' living ability, the risks to their existence should not be underestimated. The risk of out-of-school activities in primary and secondary schools may lead to health and safety problems of students, cause unnecessary disputes between schools and parents, and the physical and mental impact on students may be lifelong. Therefore, out-of-school activities in primary and secondary schools need to be highly valued by us. This paper will focus on the safety risk factors of activities outside primary and secondary schools, mainly around the following aspects:

First, clarify the purpose and significance of this study. The reason why the author wants to analyze the safety risk factors of the activities outside the primary and secondary schools is that the activities outside the primary and secondary schools have a positive side to the education of school students, and can not adopt the "one-size-fits-all" regulation method. Moreover, in-depth analysis of the safety risk factors of the off-campus activity sites in primary and secondary schools is conducive to preventing the safety problems existing in the off-campus activity sites from the source, promoting the development of off-campus activities, and better promoting school education and development and protecting students' physical and mental health and safety.

Second, accurately define the classification of activities outside primary and secondary schools, and evaluate the safety risks existing in different activities outside primary and secondary schools, and divide the safety risk levels of different activities outside primary and secondary schools. To clarify the classification of activities outside primary and secondary schools can make the scope of activities outside primary and secondary schools more clear. The assessment of the safety level of different activities outside primary and secondary schools can minimize the impact of environmental factors in the safety risk factors on the safety outside primary and secondary schools. For students of different grades (primary school, junior high school, senior high school), it is very necessary to determine the different safety risk levels of off-campus activity sites.

Third, through collecting the questionnaire of the safety risk factors of the outside school activity place, carrying on the data analysis, to make clear the risk grade of all kinds of safety risk factors in the outside school activity, and to put forward different solutions to the safety factors of different risk levels.

Fourth, analyze the safety risk factors of off-campus activities, mainly from four aspects: management factors, personnel factors, traffic factors, environmental factors, through the analysis of safety risk factors, to reduce the safety risk of off-campus activities, to solve their own views.

Fifth, the full text summary and the research prospect. Through summing up the research problems of the full text, highlighting the research focus, correctly analyzing the existing problems, and putting forward the corresponding solutions. In addition, to adjust the scope of activities outside the school, enrich the categories of activities outside the primary and secondary schools, put forward their own planning and prospects.

Key Words: Out-of-school activities in primary and secondary schools; out-of-school activities; safety risk factors; study travel

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 选题的目的和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 研究思路及方法 3

第2章 中小学生校外活动场所和安全风险的界定 5

2.1 校外活动场所的概念和分类 5

2.2 安全风险及安全风险因素的概念 5

2.3 校外活动场所选择与安全风险因素的关系 6

第3章 校外活动场所安全风险因素的问卷调查 8

3.1 问卷调查的目的 8

3.2 问卷调查的对象 8

3.3 问卷调查的结果与分析 9

第4章 校外活动场所的安全风险因素分析 12

4.1 自然因素 12

4.1.1 场所选址因素 12

4.1.2 场所地形因素 12

4.1.3 场所内部环境因素 12

4.2 人为因素 13

4.2.1 场所安全管理人员配额因素 13

4.2.2 场所组织人员齐备因素 13

4.2.3 场所人流量控制因素 14

4.3 社会因素 14

4.3.1 场所交通工具与交通秩序管理因素 14

4.3.2 场所应急物资的储备因素 15

4.3.3 场所食品来源监管安全因素 15

第5章 全文总结与研究展望 16

5.1 全文总结 16

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