摘 要

随着经济的发展和科技的进步，人们的生活质量显著提高，但是由此衍生出来的人口膨胀、生态失衡等问题，使得各类突发公共卫生事件的发生频率呈上升趋势。学校是一个人群集中且年龄结构特殊的场所，突发公共卫生事件一旦爆发，将会对学校产生巨大的冲击，不仅对广大师生的身心健康造成巨大威胁，还影响了学校正常的教学秩序，很可能转变为社会安全问题。所以，学校乃至全社会必须提高对学校突发公共卫生事件的重视，加强防控工作，提高应对突发公共卫生事件的应急管理能力。

本文以应急管理理论为基础，使用文献查阅、问卷调查和实地访谈等方法,并且在此基础上以连云港市东海县中小学为例，调查分析了学校突发公共卫生事件的应急管理现状。结果显示，预防与应急准备机制不健全、应急处置与救援不力以及缺乏事后恢复重建意识等问题在学校应急管理中出现。因此，本文提出学校要积极做好事前预防预警；事中应急处置；事后恢复与重建策略，提高应急管理能力，维护学校的安全稳定。

关键词：学校 突发公共卫生事件 应急管理

Study on Emergency Management of Public Health Emergencies in Schools

——Taking the Primary and Secondary Schools in Donghai County, Lianyungang City as an Example

Abstract

People’s quality of life has improved obviously because of the development of economy and the advancement of science and technology. However, the population expansion and ecological imbalance and other problems derived from this increase the frequency of various public health emergencies. The school is a place with a concentrated crowd and a special age structure. Once a public health emergency takes place, it will have a huge shock on the school. It not only poses a great threat to the physical health of teachers and students, but also affects the normal teaching order of the school, which is likely to turn into a social security problem. Therefore, schools and the whole society must pay more attention to public health emergencies in schools, strengthen prevention and control work, and improve the emergency management ability to deal with public health emergencies.

Based on emergency management theory, this paper uses literature review, field interviews and questionnaire surveys, and takes primary and secondary schools in Donghai county, Lianyungang city as an example to study the current situation of emergency management of public health emergencies in schools. The study found that schools have inadequate prevention and emergency preparedness mechanisms in emergency management, in inadequate monitoring and early warning mechanisms, inadequate emergency response and rescue, and lack of post-recovery and reconstruction awareness. Therefore, this paper proposes that schools should actively do well in advance prevention and early warning; emergency handling in the event; post-mortem recovery and reconstruction strategy, improve emergency management ability, maintain the safety and stability of the school.

Key Words: School; Public Health Emergencies; Emergency Management

目 录

中文摘要Ⅰ

英文摘要Ⅱ

引 言1

（一）研究背景1

（二）研究意义1

（三）研究方法2

（四）研究思路3

一、突发公共卫生事件基本概念及相关理论4

（一）基本概念4

1.突发公共卫生事件4

2.学校突发公共卫生事件4

3.学校突发公共卫生事件的特点4

（二）相关理论5

1.应急管理理论5

2.应急管理体制理论6

3.应急管理机制理论6

二、学校突发公共卫生事件应急管理现状与应急预案分析9

（一）访谈概述9

（二）学校突发公共卫生事件应急管理现状分析9

1.基本情况分析9

2.教师风险认知水平分析11

3.培训与演练情况分析12

4.学校应急管理水平分析13

（三）学校突发公共卫生事件应急预案分析14

1.学校应急预案调查的主要内容14

2.学校应急预案指标分析15

三、学校突发公共卫生事件应急管理存在的问题17

（一）预防与应急准备机制不健全17

1.政府资金投入不足17

2.不重视健康教育活动的开展17

3.应急预案不完善17

（二）监测预警机制不健全18

（三）应急处置不力18

1.应急处置与救援不力18

2.部门之间沟通机制不畅通18

（四）缺乏事后恢复与重建意识18

四、完善学校突发公共卫生事件应急管理的对策20

（一）事前：预防预警，制定科学应急预案20

1.加大政府支持和学校投入20

2.建立快速反应的监测预警机制20

3.完善应急预案20

（二）事中：把握原则，合理应急处置21

（三）事后：恢复重建21

1.调查与评估21

2.恢复学校正常秩序21

结 语23

参考文献24

附录一27