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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 管理学类 > 会计学 > 正文

我国税务代理的发展现状与前景分析

 2023-02-13 09:12:07  

论文总字数:22623字

摘 要

税务代理是指代理人接受纳税人的委托,在法定范围内为纳税人办理与税务相关事项的行为。税务代理作为服务行业,是在纳税人的经营活动中必不可少的提供其资讯与服务的一环。税务代理既可以提高税收机关的征税效率、完善行政职能,又可以维护我国的基本税收活动。

目前,我国税务代理业已经走过了近30年的发展历程,在维护我国税收征管活动,完善征税系统等方面,都是不可或缺的角色。国家税务总局还提出要实现2020年税收现代化,中国税务代理制度的发展现状和税收现代化的目标相比依然存在着一定的差距。我国税务代理虽然经过了30年的探索与发展,但是,税务代理行业已经是西方等发达国家较为成熟的产业,无论是行业规模还是代理比例,税务代理行业的发展都是相当可观的。而我国的税务代理,从法律系统的完善性或行业从事人员的专业素养,都有着一定的差距。而2014年国务院发布的《关于取消和调整一批行政审批项目的决定》明确指出,取消注册税务师职业资格管理许可证。这一决定降低了我国税务行业的就业门槛,但是对于人员构成方面,我国税务行业的涉税服务人员中,拥有专业知识能力的人占比不高,专业素质有待考察。

既然国家税务总局已经提出于2020年实现税收现代化的目标,那么,由此可见,税务代理制度在现代化税收体系中有着举足轻重的地位。因此,为了实现税收现代化的目标,我国税务代理制度在法律规范,从业人员素质与税务代理范围都有待提高与增强。而面对国外发达国家的税务代理行业的成功经验,应结合我国的实际情况,在借鉴的同时,使其适用于中国特色社会主义经济市场的发展,进一步完善我国的税务代理制度。

本文将从税务代理在我国的发展现状入手,阐述我国税务代理目前发展中所遇到的问题,并且结合国外税务代理发展的现状及优点,得出对我国税务代理发展的建议。

关键词:税务代理;涉税法律制度;纳税人

Analysis on the Development Status and Prospects of Tax Agents in China

Abstract

Tax agency refers to the act of an agent accepting the entrustment of a taxpayer and handling tax-related matters for the taxpayer within the legal scope. As a service industry, tax agency is an indispensable part of providing information and services for taxpayers in their business activities. Tax agency can not only improve the taxation efficiency of tax authorities, improve administrative functions, but also maintain the basic tax activities in China.
  At present, China"s tax agency industry has gone through nearly 30 years of development. It is an indispensable role in maintaining China"s tax collection and management activities and improving the tax collection system. The State Administration of Taxation also proposed that to realize the modernization of taxation in 2020, there is still a certain gap between the current development of China"s tax agency system and the goal of tax modernization. Although China"s tax agency has been explored and developed over the past 30 years, the tax agency industry is already a mature industry in Western and other developed countries. Whether it is the industry scale or agency ratio, the development of the tax agency industry is quite impressive. And our tax agency, from the perfection of the legal system or professional personnel engaged in the industry, there is a certain gap. In 2014, the "Decision on Cancellation and Adjustment of a Group of Administrative Approval Projects" issued by the State Council clearly stated that the license for professional qualification management of registered tax engineers was cancelled. This decision lowered the employment threshold of tax industry in China, but for personnel composition, tax service personnel in the tax industry in China, the proportion of people with professional knowledge ability is not high, professional quality needs to be examined.
  Now that the State Administration of Taxation has proposed the goal of realizing tax modernization by 2020, it can be seen that the tax agency system has a pivotal position in the modern tax system. Therefore, in order to realize the goal of tax modernization, China"s tax agency system in the legal norms, the quality of employees and the scope of tax agency need to be improved and strengthened. In the face of the successful experience of the tax agency industry in developed countries abroad, it should be combined with the actual situation of our country, and at the same time, it should be applied to the development of the socialist economic market with Chinese characteristics, and further improve our tax agency system.

This paper will start with the current situation of the development of tax agency in China, expound the problems encountered in the current development of tax agency in China, and combine the current situation and advantages of the development of foreign tax agency, and draw Suggestions for the development of tax agency in China.

Keywords: Tax agency; Tax related legal system; Taxpayers

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 1

1.3论文框架 2

第二章 文献综述 3

2.1我国税务代理制度存在的问题 3

2.1.1法律制度不健全 3

2.1.2税务代理行业从业人员的综合素质偏低 3

2.1.3税务代理行业总体规模较小,实务范围过于狭窄 4

2.2国外税务代理行业的发展现状与优势 4

2.2.1自由竞争模式 4

2.2.2业务垄断模式 4

第三章 我国税务代理的发展现状与存在问题——以四川省为例 5

3.1 我国税务代理的发展过程 5

3.2 四川省税务代理行业的发展状况 5

3.2.1税务师事务所分布不均且能力不足 5

3.2.2 从业人员素质偏低且缺乏新生力量 6

3.2.3 行业经济发展水平总体稳定但行业间收入差距较大 7

3.3 我国税务代理存在的问题 8

3.3.1 法律制度环境不完善,立法层次不高 8

3.3.2 税务机构规模较小,税务代理人员素质较低 8

3.3.3 缺乏监督管理制度,监管体制不完善 8

3.3.4 税务代理行业总体规模较小,业务范围过于狭窄 9

3.3.5 税务代理定位不清,认识有偏差 9

第四章 国外税务代理的发展现状与特点 10

4.1 日本的税理士制度 10

4.1.1 日本的税理士资格取得与业务范围 10

4.1.2 税理士的管理制度 10

4.1.3 日本税务代理业的特点 10

4.2 美国的税务代理制度 11

4.2.1 美国的税务代理人制度 11

4.2.2 美国的税务代理模式的特点 11

4.3 美日税务制度对我国完善税务代理制度的启示 12

第五章 对我国完善税务代理制度的建议 14

5.1 完善税务代理的法律建设,加快立法进程 14

5.2 完善对税务代理行业的监督管理 14

5.3 加强对执业人员人才储备,提升税务代理执业水平 14

5.4 建立税务代理服务与执业的保险机制,规避涉税风险 15

5.5 拓展税务代理的业务范围,加大宣传力度,紧跟经济发展 15

结 论 16

参考文献 17

致 谢 18

第一章 绪 论

研究背景

税务代理是指税务代理人在法定范围内接受纳税人或扣缴义务人的委托,并代表其办理税务相关业务的行为。作为独立的中介服务机构,税务代理在遵循国家法律的原则的前提下,同时坚持自愿委托原则、独立公正原则、维护国家利益原则、维护主体合法权益原则。并且税务代理还具有着主体资格的特定性,代理服务的有偿性,执业活动的专业性,委托事项的法定性以及税收法律责任的不可转嫁性的特点。

税务代理制度于日本起源,在1904年的日俄战争时期,日本为了解决战时经济紧张的问题,开增新的税种。新税种的产生使得日本的税种与纳税程序都更加复杂,因此税务代理的需求也日益增多,税务代理便发展成为一个固定的职业。日本也制定了各种法律来规范税务代理,现如今,日本的《税理士法》经过了多次修订,已经是世界上最完善的税务代理法律制度了。其后,美国、德国等国家也效仿制定了税务代理法案。

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