电子商务和互联网对房地产行业的影响研究外文翻译资料
2023-01-11 10:04:38
互联网快速进入家庭、企业和;它领域经济活动当中。一些主机在互联网上已上升到大约80亿美元,近100%的增长,在过去一年里全球将近3亿人们估计在线,虽然相关方面的互联网数据不十分可靠,但可以看出,互联网扩散比其他现代技术史加迅速。在美国,成人经常使用互联网的速度快接近到50%大关,一些与互联网相关的购买或销售额超过50%,新技术已经使企业组织结构发生了很大的变化,分布企业的网络,竞争战略,经营成本,并最终实其目标。 虽然无论是消费还是企业使用互联网还是因为其廉价的媒介信息获取和传播,它的其他用途,现在正越来越多的剥削。作为消费者使用万维网经常是为了获得娱乐和教育。而企业主要还是使用万维网推动的市场的销售和信息的传播,他们采取网络化功能,促进企业之间的合作和内部沟通。
在这篇文章中,我们研究电子商务和互联网对房地产行业的影响。我们将讨论电子商务的特点,为何成为业务新的推动力带,我们描述的方式屮互联网和万维网网站可能被纳入企业营销当中去;我们改变历地产公司的营销策略所面临的挑战和万维网到來的机会。
电子商务在房地产中不一样的地方有哪些?以及为什么对房地产起到重要性?几个特点可以区分电子商务和其他互联网业务方面,特別是那些正影响房地产的因素。符先,它提供了一种新形式沟通。经过初期(可能很昂贵)在网络的投资,但在世界任何地方都可以实现通信,在任何时候成本就非常低了。第二,利用新的通信网络,电子商务的拥有新的信息传播新手段,改变了目前的传统媒传播方式,如改变电台、报纸、电视。信息到达是万维网是关键因素,但更重要的是提供的信息总能够互动起来。与报纸,目录或电视不同,该技术能够提供给客户可以立刻想要获得的资料。这就极大地扩大了广告商和零售商获得与客户达成协议和和客户位置的范围。最后对于业务,它促进公司的角色,当做客户和一位生产者或货物的零售商。网络是根据全球信息网给予公司相对较宽的多样性的通路比较快地超过以前英特网。网络的相互联合提供了的新的详细的目录,使得最后新的方式具备服务的准确性和可控制性。最后,这些变化很多,有规模大的经济体,但边际成本就可以变得低了,一旦系统启动和运行。这些新的企业加入通讯,信息和在一些网络优势方法。在一初始阶段,企业与互联网相互连接,让他们使通过电子邮件沟通、利用网络上的信息。在第一阶段,业务是开发一个基本的Web站点,传播公司简单的信息。在第二阶段,该公司扩大了其网站内容以便更广泛开展市场营销和宣传服务。在第三阶段中,公司提供的网络服务,为一个虚拟的商店或办公室的网站。现在,新出现了网络使用的第四个阶段,基础Web的网络功能是建立起供应、服务或销售网络,最终可能改变企业的生产和改变公司服务方式。往这最后阶段里,万维网己经开始变成“虚拟生产线“的重要工具了,即产品或服务通过与网络公司参与而获得发展。所有这些电子商贸活动和Web使用阶段对房地产公司产生了巨大的影响,同时反过来也对互联网产生影响,万维网和电子商务,成为了真正的房地产商服务和其他产品业务。我们先前的研宄结果表明,房地产公司由快速注册的几个方面电子商务到自身行动。该部商业地产排名产作为一个最高度信息密集行业经济它,也被列为跻身房地产10个经济部门的职权投资信息每个职员的技术几乎所有的主要参与仿房地产商成立了一个万维网和利用互联网的使用内部和外部通信系统。许多复杂的网站,市场上的产品和提供资料、单个客户或客户群。越来越多的这些网站内容发展更具有互动性,有些是成立了中心公司。同时,公司在许多涉及房地产产品时密切关注电子商务发展的趋势,以便决定如何影响其产品的需求者。初步表名:基本建立互联网连接。
第一阶段:存在信号与公司主页的信息。第二阶段:基于Web的市场营销和宣传,有一些功能是共同重视房地产,也有采取其他行业互联网。这些都是有效营销能力的网络,其低交易成本,以及和客户的密切联系和支持。然而,互联网也具有特有的功能,特别是对于房地产的意义。虽然就其本质必然是房地产当地环境,社区与经济,互联网有利于扩大其地理范围。现在则是即使是在地球的另一端也能很好的相互联系,无论是搬迀或用于投资。图形处理能力是网页一个重要功能,房地产可以利用其优势,特别更多现在包括最新进展虚拟旅游酒店,住宅以及会议中心。其中互联网和万维网的特点可能会影响房地产公司在他们的内部运作及结构,为他们提供所需要的产品或相关供服务。其实,许多真正不冋类型的相关产业企业正利用这个优势获得更多机会,而在同一时间面对一些挑战,需要正确面对网络到来的经济效益。
下面两节描述了一些房地产在更深如一层屮房地产经纪服务,房地产信息服务是房地产部门,通过利用互联网的优势。在网络上方便的访问,提供了一个真正的房地产分类布告栏。目前,万维网是充满了上市服务,包括与传统经纪公司在内的多个物品链接服务(大联盟),如微软和雅虎。在理想情况下,因特网将扩大获得信息容量,并且能够缩短搜索过程中的买家和卖家的时间,在Web图形中,能够很好的显示家中的照片和布局。企业网站之间的联系将用于链接买方与相关服务,如抵押和保险。虽然这些功能都可以在一些网站上发现,使用购买或租用一个商家网站则不一定顺利。首先,从消费者的来看,选择的网址比较多,且提供的内容也是大相径庭。有些网站可以提供一个广阔的市场浏览(如,同一个地E仿价的价格水平),而其他人则关注于其中一个方面。许多网站没有一个全面的现有住房上市情况况,以及上市的不一定是最新的。对于租金等相关详细的淸单,可以在一个物业管理理公司的基础上获得,而不需要通过一个全面的上市服务而获得。从销售者和管理公司的角度来看,有一个网站并不能保证覆盖,如潜在的买家或租房。因为许多买家仍依赖代理人或经纪人,通过这些牧羊人,卖方需要确定网络将达到尽可能覆盖到更多地区。此外,似乎人多数买家和单位住宅销售继续需要现实生活中的房地产经纪人和经纪人的服务。这些服务包括为卖家和买家的卖出的价格,对房子的看法(个人意见,建议的位置和质量)以及来自其他专家的建议。其含义是网络和现实生活中的代理人可以充当补充者的角色,而不是超过家庭购买服务的范围。一方面,大多数经纪公司形成了许多重要网络公司,电子商务创业公司,比如Ziprealty.com则结合了现实生活中在互联网上的代理人队伍。
对于一般的商业和工业经纪人说使用网络的好处要大于它所面临的挑战。住宅交易系统在销售情况的数据库中分享,使过度到网络的信息共享系统相当简单,无论是出租或者出售的情况,商业和工业部门没有等价的。在本地方面,选择特定租户的数量可能会比找一个新的家庭少。如果租户正在寻求超越当地,然后一个共亨的信息会变得更有吸引力,但没有任何东西相当于一个多元上市服务,这个数据库的发展面临的挑战变得更大。尽管这些条件下,商业工业经纪机构现在是互联网的主要使用者。个别经纪公司有复杂的网站,提供当地的信息涉及全国市场。新上市服务发展使的租户在搜索数据库中可以获得本地或者全国的相关信息。互联网和网络也己成为主要的商业和营销工具,工业经纪人提供有关公司的详细信息和服务,并提供定期的容户通讯手段,如电子邮件和Web上的通讯功能。
总之,尽管互联网己经大大拓宽了信息传播的机会,没有任何迹象表明这样削弱了对经纪人的作用。相反,那些经纪人谁行web资源为核心,反而扩大了自己的基础。
房地产企业通过互联网使用的例子。对网站运营远远超出了房地产经纪机构。该网站同样给此他些仿地产企业提供了机会。
1物业管理:与一大型物业管理公司的投资组合的公寓,许多人有必要整合与投资者有效沟通的专业物业软件,客户和经理。无论是互联网和分割,私人版本-内联网,现被用于访问数椐输出的申请。在任何给定的时间就可以检索最新的有关财政收入,到期租赁,职位空缺等双向信息传输的数据,使加工实时在线跟踪和数据库访问成为可能。
2项目管理/发展:在需要调节复杂的情况下,可以与一个网站的虚拟社区相结合,通过在线协作和支持,满足了服务新一代的大型项目,以创造一种环境,从而使设计阶段到施工的全过程,简化程序。这些网站汇集建筑师、工程师、开发商以及其他通过为了方便蓝图快速变化的专有窗口,微调工作的进展,解决供应瓶领。一些开发商,建筑商和承包商有其自身特殊
的内部网来管理有关项目供应链问题。新网站出现时,为所有需要的通讯中心的办事处和企业提供一站式、全方位服务,包括语音,数据,视频,传真和互联网。
这些通信和计算提供商消除不同通信方式的多重性和专业厂商,帮助简化企业的非核心活动。对于一个新的项目,数字发展商己开始结合宽带企业的通信需求,一个封装内集成工具。对于公共管理和房地产开发公司,网络也是当前和潜在的投资者沟通的工具。房地产投资信托基金可以在网络上提供年度报告,以及投资活动的其他报告。
3搬迀服务:美国是一个内部人口流动性高的国家,每年移动超过2000万人,一个基于互联网的搬迀服务公司的数量己经出现,并提供完整的搬迀(包装,运输,货运等)加强对移动公司联系,为目标指向上市、短期出租以及其他有关目的地城市的有关资料。有的网站还提出了一系列出色的清单,即是之前移动“和”后动“的版对于符和企业客户模块成本比较,以及吸收,空置率和办公室,零售或工业空位
4房地产金融:关于迅速传播有质量地价信息,互联网金融领域使用非常多。对房地产相关网站的范围那些从网上抵押贷款扩大到报告公司统筹计划利差。在线抵押贷款公司提供了一个神秘的抵押贷款信息搜寻成本,减少切入点及其他费用。虽然是一个传统的交易,但成千上万的使用互联网来“起源”他们的抵押贷款。而试验计划相关网站提供数据和信息的收视率,期间传播和即将到來产品项目和发展资金,以及投资融资需求提供服务,是一个网站的创建使发展商在网络空间的虚拟主机市场的贷款和融资、经纪、投资名和贷款人一起。开发商和销售商的项目和性能进行介绍和征求这些网站意见。
5上市/选配服务:上市和买家配对服务,特别是在商业界,正在补充简单的上市网站。在这些网站注册会员可以执行一些买家配对练习,并产生购买者名单,以使他们能够提出自己的专有物品。
另一上市企业正由这些网站能够适应新的购房者和建设者提供的服务版本服务。通过创建个一论坛进行调节,介绍的具体要求,价格范围和地点。
对房地产企业和房地产互联网需求的启示:
市场房地产公司面临着互联网和电子商务的结果是一所企业创业和创新,其初期往往是由快速增长定义来定义。在接下来的几年中,可以肯定的是,有将继续许多额外的变化。有些公司在早期成长阶段将成熟一个更加成熟,增长较慢的存在。其他人将面临从切背在活动失败的调整。房地产企业面临整合的技术变成自己的业务实践,同时谨慎应对来自其他部门的迅速变化的需求的挑战。
he rapid penetration of theInternet into households,businesses and all spheres of economic activity continues. The number of hosts on the Internet has risen to approximately 80 million, an increase of nearly 100% over the last year.1 Worldwide nearly 300 million people are estimated to be online.
While data related to any aspect of the Internet is quite unreliable, it appears that the diffusion of the Internet has been much more rapid than that of the other modern tech-nologies shown in Figure 1.
In the US, the number of adults regularly using the Internet is fast approaching the 50% mark, and the number of corporations with some Internet-related purchases or sales is well over 50%.2 The new technology has wrought changes in the organiza-tional structure of the firm, distribution networks of businesses, competitive strategies, their cost of doing business, and ultimately the bottom-line itself.
While both for consumers and businesses the Internet is still primarily a medium of efficient and inexpensive information access and dissemination, its other uses are now being increasingly exploited. As shown in Figure 2, consumers use the WWW as frequently for informa-tion and product research for enter-tainment and education. While businesses still primarily use the WWW for marketing and information dissemination, they are also taking advantage of Web features to enable collaboration among firms and for communications within . firms. (See Figure 3).
lt;
剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料
he rapid penetration of theInternet into households,businesses and all spheres of economic activity continues. The number of hosts on the Internet has risen to approximately 80 million, an increase of nearly 100% over the last year.1 Worldwide nearly 300 million people are estimated to be online.
While data related to any aspect of the Internet is quite unreliable, it appears that the diffusion of the Internet has been much more rapid than that of the other modern tech-nologies shown in Figure 1.
In the US, the number of adults regularly using the Internet is fast approaching the 50% mark, and the number of corporations with some Internet-related purchases or sales is well over 50%.2 The new technology has wrought changes in the organiza-tional structure of the firm, distribution networks of businesses, competitive strategies, their cost of doing business, and ultimately the bottom-line itself.
While both for consumers and businesses the Internet is still primarily a medium of efficient and inexpensive information access and dissemination, its other uses are now being increasingly exploited. As shown in Figure 2, consumers use the WWW as frequently for informa-tion and product research for enter-tainment and education. While businesses still primarily use the WWW for marketing and information dissemination, they are also taking advantage of Web features to enable collaboration among firms and for communications within . firms. (See Figure 3).
In this article, we look at the impact of e-commerce and the Internet on the real estate industry. We discuss the characteristics of e-commerce that make it a new force in business operations; we describe the ways in which the Internet and World Wide Web may be incorporated in a business operations; and we describe alternative strategies by real estate firms in dealing with the challenges and opportunities of the WWW.
Whats New about E-Commerce and Why Does it Matter for Real Estate
Several features distinguish e-commerce and the Internet from other aspects of business operations, particularly those that affect real
estate. First, it provides a new form of communication. After the initial (possibly quite costly) investment in a network, communication is possible worldwide, at any time, at very low cost.
Second, using the new communi-cations networks, e-commerce is based on a new means of disseminating information, with the change from present media to the WWW comparable to the change from newspapers to radio, and from radio to television. Information reach is a key factor of the WWW, but of greater importance is the interactive nature of the information provider. Unlike with newspapers, catalogues or television, the technology offers the user the opportunity to respond immediately to information provided. This greatly expands the scope for advertisers and retailers in terms of the numbers of customers reached and their locations. Finally, for business, it facilitates the role of a firm as a customer as well as a producer or retailer of goods. Networks supported by the WWW give firms access to a wider variety of supplies more quickly than before the Internet. Network linkages offer the possibility of new forms of inventory control and ultimately new approaches to production and service provision. Finally, for many of these changes, there are large economies of scale, with heavy introductory costs but very low marginal costs, once the system is up and running.
Businesses incorporate these new communications, information and networking advantages in several ways, as shown in Figure 4. In an initial phase, businesses establish basic internet connections, allowing them to communicate via e-mail and make use of the information on the Web. In Stage 1, the business develops a basic Web site, which disseminates simple information on the company (the presence signaling stage). In Stage 2, the firm expands its Web site to a more extensive marketing and publicity service, equivalent to a newspaper or television advertising campaign. In Stage 3, the firm provides services on the Web, becoming a virtual store or office site. Now, a fourth stage of Web use is emerging, where the firm builds on the networking capabilities of the Web to establish new supply and service or sales networks that may ultimately change the production or service provision structure for the firm. In this last stage, the World Wide Web is an important tool in trends that had already begun in 'virtual production lines,' where products or services are developed through the cooperation and participation of a network of firms.
All of these e-commerce activities and stages of Web use have implications for real estate firms, both as their own operations are affected by the Internet, WWW and e-commerce, and as providers of real estate services and products to other businesses. Our earlier research has shown that real estate firms have quickly incorporated several aspects of e-commerce into their own operations. The Department of Commerce ranks the real estate industry as one of the most highly information technology intensive sectors in the economy (Figure 5). It also ranks real estate as among the top 10 sectors of the economy in terms of capital investment in information technology per employee.3
Virtually all of the major players in real estate have established a presence on the World Wide Web and also make use of the Internet for internal and external communications. Many have complex sites that market products and provide information to a customer or client base. More and more of these sites are developing interactive components, and some are the centers of broader networks of companies. At the same time, firms involved in many real estate products are closely watching e-commerce developments to determine how these affect the demand for their products.
There are some features of common im
剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料
资料编号:[287299],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word