电商平台的客户满意度影响因素分析—以当当网为例毕业论文
2021-11-06 23:21:48
摘 要
伴随数据化时代的飞速发展与越来越多企业的投资与驻入,电子商务成为现如今普遍的一种商业消费模式。线上交易活动大大方便了人们的生活,降低了交易双方的时间成本,但随之而来的市场竞争也愈加激烈,良好的客户满意度与稳定的顾客关系成为企业获得顾客好感与信任从而不断获得顾客价值与利润的关键。对客户满意度影响因素的研究可以为企业提升自身竞争力,维持客户关系提供理论意义,因此本文通过研究电商平台的客户(顾客)满意度影响因素来分析各因素的影响程度从而为电商未来发展方向提出相应的理论策略与建议。
本文借助数据采集软件八爪鱼爬取当当网图书销量总排行榜前20的商品评论信息,对评论文本进行清洗和预处理之后利用K-means对其聚类,按照每一类的特征可将其归结为营销策略,物流服务,商品属性,客户服务四类,然后在此基础上结合文献调研的内容设计关于网购时顾客满意度影响因素的调查问卷作为补充与验证,最后利用层次分析法,以问卷的量化结果为基础,计算各因素的权重并对其排序。将所有因素分为前置因素与过程因素两部分,构建顾客满意度影响因素模型,并结合分析结果对如何提升电商平台顾客满意度提出相应的策略与建议。
研究结果表明:营销策略,物流服务,商品属性,客户服务对顾客满意度的影响逐渐增大,在这四类中再细分的18项子因素中,影响力最大的5个因素为:退换货服务,商品质量,客服咨询响应,商品性价比和商品介绍信息,充分说明了顾客在服务体验上的满意度能够更好的影响整体的满意,因此在保证商品质量的同时应该在客户服务上不断加强创新与顾客体验;影响力最小的5个因素为明星代言,快递员素质,商品包装,商品种类多样和物流品牌,说明与商品本身有关的因素外,电商平台自身的口碑与合作物流也会间接刺激顾客的满意度,因此对非商品方面的影响因素需要加以利用完善不足增加顾客满意度。
关键词:顾客满意度;影响因素;K-means聚类;层次分析法
Abstract
With the rapid development of the digital era and the investment of more and more enterprises, e-commerce has become a common mode of commercial consumption. Online trading activities greatly facilitate people's life and reduce the time cost of both sides of the transaction. However, the following market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Good customer satisfaction and stable customer relationship have become the key for the enterprise to gain customer favor and trust to obtain customer value and profit. The study on the influence factors of customer satisfaction can provide theoretical significance for enterprises to improve their competitiveness and maintain customer relationship. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence degree of each factor by studying the influence factors of customer satisfaction on e-commerce platforms, so as to put forward corresponding theoretical strategies and suggestions for the future development of e-commerce.
This article uses the data collection software Octopus to crawl the top 20 product review information of the Dangdang book sales total list. Perform data cleaning, preprocessing and K-means text clustering on the acquired text content. According to the characteristics of each category, it can be classified into four categories: marketing strategy, logistics services, product attributes, and customer service. Then on this basis, a questionnaire on influencing factors of customer satisfaction during online shopping is designed as a supplement and verification based on the content of literature survey. Finally, according to the quantitative results of the questionnaire recovery and analysis, the weight of each factor is calculated and ranked using the analytic hierarchy process, build a model of factors affecting customer satisfaction, divided into pre-factors and post-factors. Combined with the analysis results, it puts forward corresponding strategies and suggestions on how to improve customer satisfaction on e-commerce platform.
The results of the study indicate that marketing strategies, logistics services, product attributes, and customer service have gradually increased their impact on customer satisfaction. Among the 18 sub-factors subdivided in these four categories, the five most influential factors are: return and exchange service, product quality, customer service consultation response, product cost performance and product introduction information, which fully explain the customer's service experience Satisfaction can better affect overall satisfaction, so while ensuring product quality, customer service should continue to strengthen innovation and customer experience; The five factors with the least influence are celebrity endorsement, courier quality, product packaging, variety of products and logistics brands. Explaining factors related to the product itself, the e-commerce platform's own reputation and cooperative logistics will also indirectly stimulate customer satisfaction Degree, so the influencing factors of non-commodities need to be used to improve customer satisfaction.
Key Words:Customer satisfaction;Influence factors;K-means clustering;Analytic Hierarchy Process
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
1.2.1 研究目的 1
1.2.2 研究意义 2
1.3 文献综述 2
1.3.1 国内研究 2
1.3.2 国外研究 3
1.4 研究内容与方法 4
1.4.1 研究内容 4
1.4.2 研究方法与技术路线 4
第2章 评论数据处理与分析 6
2.1 数据获取 6
2.2 数据预处理 7
2.2.1 分词 7
2.2.2 TF-IDF矩阵 8
2.3 文本聚类 9
2.3.1 K-means算法 9
2.3.2 分析结果 10
第3章 顾客满意度影响因素模型 12
3.1 顾客满意度理论 12
3.2 问卷设计与回收 12
3.2.1 问卷设计 12
3.2.2 问卷可信度分析 13
3.2.3 统计量分析 14
3.3 AHP构建顾客满意度影响因素模型 15
3.3.1 层次分析法(AHP) 15
3.3.2 指标权重的确定 16
3.3.3 构建顾客满意度影响因素模型 19
3.4 模型分析与应用 20
第4章 总结与展望 23
4.1 总结 23
4.2 未来展望 24
参考文献 25
附录A 26
致 谢 29
第1章 绪论
本章首先介绍选题的背景,接着阐述本研究的目的与意义,最后介绍本文的主要研究内容与方法。
1.1 选题背景
2020年4月中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)发布第45次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》,从《报告》中可以看出网络购物逐渐成为主流,线上交易量比2019年同比增长了16.5%,网购用户的数量高达7.10亿。网络购物便利生活的同时,在经济方面也做出了巨大的贡献,加速了消费市场的蓬勃发展。在商业消费领域中,B2C,C2C等模式也早已经成为当今社会的普遍营销模式。对于企业和零售商这样的销售者角色来说,电商平台的搭建与应用充分的提高了商品的曝光度,打开了商品销售的更多渠道,进一步开拓了营销市场,使得商品能够更加快速、高效、完整地呈现在消费者面前。对于消费者群体来说,线上购物的选择使生活更加便利,足不出户就能选购自己所需的物品,因此各行业纷纷选择进军电商平台。
从之前的实体店“消亡”到现在的纯电商“没落”,大家都明白了一个道理:不管是什么样的营销模式,首要考虑的一定是消费者的需求导向,顾客满意度成为这场角逐中的必要之举。因此分析顾客满意度的影响因素,从而更好地了解消费者的行为,有利于提高顾客的满意度,维持并提升与顾客的良好关系。顾客满意是一般市场营销和企业管理中的一个重要概念,是衡量顾客满意程度的指标。拥有满意的客户是公司的基础,因此,客户满意度可以被定义为管理客户关系的试金石,是创造公司竞争优势的关键。作为国内首家上市美国的网上商城,本是行业翘楚的当当在近几年的发展中却并不顺利,由于国内外同行业间的相互竞争和当当自身优势的逐渐降低,尽管其早已扩大业务范围,但人们熟知的似乎仍然只有图书市场,因此本文选择当当网作为文本分析的数据平台,研究影响电商平台顾客满意度的主要因素。