摘 要

随着我国城镇化进程的进一步推进，城乡经济差距在逐渐被拉大。越来越多的人口选择向城市转移，农村大量土地被闲置。面对土地市场的这一变化，土地流转政策应运而生。土地流转不但能够增加土地的使用率，而且能为农村土地规模化经营打下夯实的基础。

本文通过实证分析法，对昆山市近几年土地流转的现状和特征进行了梳理与分析，得出昆山市农民土地流转中农民权益受损主要是以下原因导致：（1）农村土地流转机制尚未健全（2）现行土地法律仍不规范（3）农民自身格局限制（4）农村社会保障制度不健全（5）政府的缺位与越位现象严重。最后针对以上出现的问题，为保障昆山市农民的合法土地权益，提出以下解决对策：（1）建立“自愿、有偿、利民”土地流转机制；（2）完善现有农村土地法律体系；（3）增强农民法律意识，推进法制教育；（4）完善土地社会保障制度；（5）明确政府职能，准确定位政府角色。

最大程度的保障农民土地权益是土地流转政策的核心，也是三农问题的出发点，深入思考农民土地权益为何屡屡被侵犯，有利于未来土地流转和城镇化进程朝着更好的方向发展。

由于本文是以昆山市土地流转模式为背景分析，地区选择不具有普遍性，因此存在着不足之处。同时由于本人学术水平的限制，在对受损原因的分析上缺乏一定的深度，所提的建议可能不太切合实际，这些都是本人日后需要改进的地方。

关键词：土地流转 农民权益 保障 昆山市

Study on the protection of farmers' land rights and interests in the background of land circulation in Kunshan

Abstract

With the further development of urbanization in China, the economic gap between urban and rural areas is gradually widening. More and more people choose to move to cities, and a lot of rural land is left idle. Facing the change of land market, the land transfer policy arises at the historic moment. Land circulation can not only increase the utilization rate of land, but also lay a solid foundation for the large-scale operation of rural land.

Through the empirical analysis, the present situation and characteristics of the land circulation in Kun shan in recent years are combed and analyzed. It is concluded that the damage of farmers' rights and interests in the circulation of farmers' land in Kun shan is mainly caused by the following reasons: (1) the mechanism of rural land transfer has not yet been improved (2) the current land law is still not standardized (3) the farmer's own pattern Limit (4) the rural social security system is not perfect (5) the government's absence and offside are serious. Finally, in view of the above problems, in order to guarantee the legitimate land rights and interests of the farmers in Kun shan, the following solutions are put forward: (1) establish a "voluntary, paid, benefit people" land circulation mechanism, (2) improve the existing legal system of the existing rural land, (3) strengthen the farmers' legal consciousness, promote the legal education to improve the land society. （5）The guarantee system clarifying the functions of the government and accurately positioning the role of the government.

The maximum protection of farmers' land rights and interests is the core of the land transfer policy, and is also the starting point of the three rural issues. It is beneficial for the farmers' land rights and interests to be infringed repeatedly, which is beneficial to the future land transfer and urbanization process to a better direction.

Because this article is based on the analysis of the land transfer mode in Kun shan, the regional choice is not universal, so there are some shortcomings. At the same time, due to the limitations of my academic level, there is a lack of depth in the analysis of the cause of damage. The proposed suggestions may not be realistic. These are the places that I need to improve in the future.

Keywords: Land circulation; Farmers' rights and interests; guarantee; kun shan

目录

中文

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、绪论 1

（一）研究背景 1

（二）相关概念 1

1.土地流转 2

2.农民土地权益 2

（三）研究方法及思路 2

（四）研究意义 3

（五）调查地选择 3

二、昆山市农村土地流转的现状及特征 4

（一）昆山市土地流转现状 4

1.中心城区土地流转现状 4

2.中心城区土地流转方式 5

3.中心城区土地流转意愿 5

（二）昆山市农村土地流转的特征 6

1.土地流转地域扩大化 6

2.土地流转主体多元化 7

3.农民流转意愿差异化 7

三、昆山市农民土地流转中农民权益受损原因分析 8

（一）农村土地流转机制尚未健全 8

（二）现行土地法律仍不规范 8

（三）农民自身格局限制 9

1.农民自身文化水平低，维权意识差 9

2.基层干部组织化程度低，发展混乱 10

（四）农村社会保障制度不健全 10

（五）政府缺位与越位现象严重 11

四、昆山市土地流转保障农民权益对策分析 12

（一）建立“自愿、有偿、利民”土地流转机制 12

（二）完善现有农村土地法律体系 13

（三）增强农民法律意识，推进法制教育 13

（四）建立健全农村社会保障制度 14

（五）明确政府职能，准确定位政府角色 15

五、结论 16

参考文献 17

附表：农户调查问卷 19

致谢 21

一、绪论

（一）研究背景

我国是一个以农村人口为绝大多数的国家，即我国是一个农业大省。对于这样一个农业大省，如何处理好三农问题是我国发展所面临的关键问题。三农问题是农业农村农民问题的简称，三农问题处理的好坏直接关系到国家是否能够持续稳健的发展。而其中的土地问题显得更加重要。作为我国一直以来进行改革探究的问题，土地问题不仅体现在农业的增产增收，其核心问题更涉及到对农民权益的保护。

我国从二十世纪七十年代起实行了家庭联产承包责任制，承包到户的土地生产方式取缔了集体土地所有的生产方式。随着机械化现代化水平的不断提高，家庭联产承包责任制在目前显示了一些与社会不适应性，与时代相违背的弊端逐渐展现出俩，如果不对这一制度进行改革，那么就会对农村的发展产生一定的阻碍作用。因此，如何对土地制度进行改革，保护农民的合法权益，就成为了目前需要解决的一大问题。