论文总字数：18461字

摘 要

近年来我国互联网取得了突飞猛进的发展，特别是以微信、微博等新兴网络媒体的出现已经深刻影响社会的各个方面，网络媒体已经成为社会大众表达民意，集中民智的重要渠道。突发事件发生以后经过互联网的快速传播，社会大众的广泛参与讨论并由此形成的网络舆情在一定程度上反映社情民意的总体趋向。然而突发事件中网络舆情在缺乏有效“把关人”的情况下往往易表现出非理性，从而不利于事件的解决，破坏正常的社会秩序甚至造成更严重危害。尽管我国政府在应对突发事件网络舆情方面已有多年经验，但是由于网络环境复杂多变，突发事件层出不穷，政府应对面临更多挑战和压力，仍存在诸多问题。

本文通过对基础理论的学习和理解界定了突发事件和网络舆情的概念，并从政府治理理论、政府危机管理理论对该课题进行了探索与研究；在事实基础上，以2017年影响深远的、具有典型性代表性的红黄蓝事件为例进行探讨，表明突发事件网络舆情的形成演化主要有四个阶段；结合案例分析当前政府在治理突发事件网络舆情方面存在的不足及原因；并从政府作为“把关人”，处于主导和主体地位出发，在制度、意识、行为层面提出可行的对策建议。

关键词：突发事件 网络舆情 政府应对

The Formation of Internet Public Opinion in the Emergency and the Government's Response

Taking red, yellow and blue incidents as examples

Abstract

In recent years, China's Internet has made rapid development, especially since the emergence of new online media such as WeChat and Weibo has profoundly affected all aspects of society. Online media has become an important channel for public expression of public opinion and for the concentration of people's wisdom. After the occurrence of emergencies, the rapid spread of the Internet, the extensive participation of the general public and the resulting Internet public opinion reflect the general trend of social conditions and public opinions to a certain extent. However, in the event of an unforeseen incident, Internet public opinion is often apt to show irrationality in the absence of effective “gatekeepers”, which is not conducive to the resolution of incidents, disrupts normal social order, and even causes more serious damage. Although China’s government has many years of experience in responding to emergencies on the Internet, due to the complex and volatile network environment and the continuous emergence of emergencies, the government has to face more challenges and pressures, and there are still many problems.

This article defines the concept of emergencies and network public opinion through the study and understanding of basic theories, and explores and studies the subject from the perspective of government governance theory and government crisis management theory; on the basis of facts, it has far-reaching impact in 2017. The typical red-yellow-blue incidents are taken as an example to illustrate that there are four stages in the formation and evolution of emergencies' network public opinion; combined with case studies, the current government's deficiencies in the governance of emergencies and the causes of network public opinion are discussed; As the “gatekeeper”, the government is in a dominant and dominant position and puts forward feasible countermeasures and proposals at the system, consciousness, and action levels.

Key words:Emergencies；Internet public opinion；government response

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、相关概念及理论基础 1

（一）相关概念 1

1. 突发事件 1

2. 网络舆情 1

3. 网络舆论 1

（二）理论基础 2

1. 政府危机管理理论 2

2. 政府治理理论 2

二、突发事件中网络舆情的形成演化——以红黄蓝事件为例 4

（一）事件回顾 4

1. 潜伏期 4

2. 初始阶段-形成期 5

3. 发酵阶段-高潮期 5

4. 平息阶段-衰退期 5

（二）突发事件网络舆情的影响因素 6

1. 网络信息传播的推动 6

2. 涉及公众利益诉求和共性情绪 6

3. 意见领袖的推动 7

4. 主体回应相对时滞 7

三、红黄蓝事件中政府应对的问题及原因分析 8

（一）存在问题 8

1. 情况通报回应生硬 8

2. 信息不对接 8

3. 网络舆情引导失当 9

（二）原因分析 9

1. 环境影响 9

2. 机制缺陷 9

（1）缺乏专门职能部门和长效规划 9

（2）法律法规建设滞后 10

3. 监管缺位 10

4. 公信力不足 11

四、 政府有效应对的对策 12

（一）制度层面 12

1. 健全网络舆情监测机制和预警机制 12

2. 建立及时透明的信息公开制度 13

3. 加强对网络平台的监管 13

（二）意识层面 13

1. 明确在舆情中的角色定位 13

2. 提高研判准确性 14

（三）行为层面 14

1. 专业人才培养及优化 14

2. 加强宣传引导 14

结束语 16

参考文献 17

致谢 20

一、相关概念及理论基础

（一）相关概念

1.突发事件

从广义上来讲，突发事件经常是指突然发生的事件，这些事件的发生和发展都异常迅速，出人意料，只有采用非常规方法来应对，才能当下将事件解决。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：18461字