论文总字数：20882字

摘 要

我国目前已进入全面建成小康社会的决胜阶段，中国特色社会主义也进入新时代的关键时期。在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上，习近平总书记强调了要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，决胜全面建成小康社会，夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利。而贫困问题作为当前我国全面建成小康社会最突出的短板，对于促进区域协调发展以及迈向共同富裕有重要意义。

目前我国“更加突出的问题是发展不平衡不充分”，这就需要根据生产力水平的发展，客观动态地认识发展不平衡不充分导致的西部少数民族地区贫困问题，而精准扶贫就是解决不平衡发展的重要举措。

在我国少数民族贫困地区的扶贫经历了以解决贫困为目标、以实现温饱为目标、以脱贫致富为目标等几个阶段后，终于在党的领导下，进入了以精准扶贫为背景、以全面小康为目标的崭新阶段。精准扶贫就是针对以往扶贫工作中存在针对性不强和效率不高这一现象，运用科学有效程序、方法和相应的资源，合理制定精准扶贫政策，对扶贫对象实施精确识别、精确帮扶、精确管理的治贫方式。

本文从生产力发展、地区文化传承、个体能力提升等多个方面阐述了开展精准扶贫政策的必要性，并在前人的研究成果及实践经验的基础上，以青海省海东市尖扎县为例，揭示了西部少数民族贫困地区致贫原因的多元性和复杂性，并分析了当前西部少数民族贫困地区的扶贫现状以及存在的问题及原因，最后就如何更完善更有针对性地地实施精准扶贫提出了自己的对策与建议。

关键词：少数民族 贫困 精准扶贫

The study on the problem of poverty alleviation in the poverty-stricken areas of the Western Minority Nationalities

Abstract

Our country has now built a well-off society in an all-round way, and socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a crucial period of the new era. On the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and to win the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. And the problem of poverty, as the most prominent shortboard of building a well-off society at present, is of great significance to promote the coordinated development of the region and to move towards common prosperity.

At present, "the more prominent problem in China is the insufficient development imbalance" , which requires an objective and dynamic understanding of poverty in the Western minority areas due to the insufficient development imbalance, based on the development of productivity level, and accurate poverty reduction is an important measure to solve the unbalanced development.

At last, under the leadership of the Party, after several stages of poverty alleviation in the impoverished areas of our country, which are aimed at alleviating poverty and achieving the goal of food and clothing, with the aim of escaping poverty and getting rich, it has entered a new stage of aiming at overall well-being against the background of accurate poverty alleviation. To help the poor in an accurate way is to make use of scientific and effective procedures, methods and corresponding resources to formulate poverty-reduction policies in an appropriate way, to carry out accurate identification, accurate help and accurate management of poverty alleviation methods for the target of poverty alleviation.

From the aspects of Productivity Development, regional culture inheritance and individual ability improvement, this paper expounds the necessity of the development of the accurate poverty reduction policy, and on the basis of predecessors'research achievements and practical experience, taking the Shanzha County of Haidong City of Qinghai Province as an example, this paper reveals the diversity and complexity of the causes of poverty reduction in the impoverished areas of the Western minority, and analyzes the present situation of poverty alleviation in the impoverished areas of the minority nationalities in the West and the existing problems and reasons, at last, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve and pertinently implement the accurate poverty reduction.

Key Words:Erhnic minorities; Poverty; Poverty Alleviation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、相关概念概述 1

（一）相关核心概念的界定 1

1.贫困与扶贫 1

2.精准扶贫 1

（二）精准扶贫的理论基础 2

1.思想基础 2

2.现实基础 2

3.实践基础 3

二、少数民族地区扶贫措施的历史沿革 4

（一）以解决贫困为目标 4

（二）以实现温饱为目标 4

（三）以脱贫致富为目标 5

（四）以精准扶贫为背景 6

三、开展精准扶贫政策的必要性 7

（一）有利于生产力发展 7

（二）有利于文化传承 7

（三）有利于贫困个体发展能力提升 7

（四）有利于全面建成小康社会 8

四、精准扶贫现状分析——以青海省海东市尖扎县为例 9

（一）精准扶贫面临的困境及存在的问题 9

1.致贫原因多样 9

2.贫穷造成了恶性循环 11

3.扶贫政策无法贯彻落实 11

（二）精准扶贫遇到困境的原因 11

1.结构性贫困 11

2.贫困识别模糊 12

3.考核评估不科学 12

4.监督落实不到位 13

五、西部少数民族贫困地区精准扶贫的对策建议 14

（一）建立健全相关法规 14

（二）创新精准扶贫方式 15

（三）科学识别精准扶贫对象 15

（四）落实好少数民族精准扶贫政策与监督工作 16

结束语 18

参考文献 19

致谢 22

一、相关概念概述

今年是十九大的开局之年，是“十三五”规划推进的关键之年，在此时代背景下，促使全民脱贫，建成全面小康社会和实现共同富裕，是中国现阶段极其紧迫的历史任务，也是全体人类不断追求的理想抱负。近年来随着精准扶贫概念被提出，有关扶贫问题的研究也越来越多，本文对我国少数民族地区精准扶贫问题的现有研究成果进行了肯定和归纳整理，并根据时代变化分析当前精准扶贫存在的问题与不足，仅供参考。

（一）相关核心概念的界定

1.贫困与扶贫

扶贫，即通常所说的反贫困，就是帮助贫困者脱离贫困状态。

因此，想要理解扶贫，首先需要了解贫困的概念，明确贫困的准确定义，这也是理解精准扶贫的前提。

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