论文总字数：19105字

摘 要

改革开发三十年来，我国的城镇化速度让世界惊叹。^[1]在我国城镇化进程中，取得了一系列巨大成就的同时，也不可避免地面临许多环境问题。这些环境问题不仅对公民生存环境和身体健康造成了威胁，如果不能及时有效应对，还将会对我国经济社会可持续发展和城镇化水平质量的提升造成阻碍。^[2]新型城镇化进程中，传统的环境问题如空气污染、水体污染、垃圾污染、土壤污染等虽然在一系列环保举措的治理下，得到了缓解，但在部分地区依然频现，除此之外，新的环境问题也在不断滋生，例如：资源压力问题、污染由城市向农村转移、人均绿地不足等问题。究其原因，是在新型城镇化理念和相关环保政策落实过程中依然存在诸多难题，首先是绿色发展理念尚未稳固，其次在环境主体落实层面，政府市政规划不合理，监管职能难落实，环境治理投入不足；企业则因生产技术和设备落后，未能严格执行环保政策。社会方面，社会公众消费方式和生活方式没有与时俱进导致在日常生活中未能有效践行环保理念，其次，公众对环保公共事件参与度不够，也是原因之一。本文认为，针对以上问题，应采取如下对策；一是政府应当引导社会各界树立绿色发展理念，加强环境保护顶层设计，强化监管职能。企业应当建立环境保护主体责任制，发展绿色新兴产业，增加绿色产品服务供给。社会公众应当积极践行低碳理念，新闻媒体应当积极作为，在环境治理和生态文明建设中发挥社会舆论监督的重要作用。

关键词： 新型城镇化 环境问题 社会治理

Environmental issues and governance in the process of new urbanization

Abstract

Over the past 30 years, China's urbanization rate has amazed the world. According to estimates, China's urbanization rate from 17.9% in 1978, has grown to 57.35% by 2016, [He Shuping: the complex and urban development concept and mode to explore, fujian normal university master's thesis on May 26, 2014.] Along with the acceleration of China's urbanization process, a series of great achievements have been achieved, which inevitably face many long-term problems and environmental problems. These environmental problems not only to the citizens' living environment and poses a threat to the health, if not timely and effective response, also will be to our country's economic and social sustainable development and the advance of the urbanization level in the serious obstacles. [wang German: a few problems in the construction of a new type of urbanization under the human vision subthreshold. "the party school of the communist party of China (CPC) in 2014." New urbanization process, the traditional environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution, soil pollution, etc. While in a series of environmental protection measures, eased, but in some places still appear frequently, in addition, the new environmental problems are also growing, such as: resource problems, urban pollution transfer to the rural problem, the problem of insufficient per capita green space. Investigate its reason, is the new idea of urbanization and related environmental protection still has many problems in the process of policy implementation, the first is the concept of green development is not yet solid, the second main body to carry out the level in the environment still exist many problems, unreasonable government municipal planning, regulatory functions is difficult to implement, inadequate environmental governance; Due to the backward production technology and equipment, the enterprises have not strictly implemented the environmental protection policies, and the high pollution enterprises have gathered in the countryside, which has led to the emergence of environmental problems in the new urbanization process. Socially, the public environmental protection knowledge reserves is insufficient, consumption patterns and way of life not keep pace with The Times lead to failed to practice in daily life environmental protection concept, secondly, the public environmental public participation is not enough, also cause, the new environmental problems in urbanization is one of the reasons for difficult to get effective governance. This paper will analyze the previous research on environmental problems in the process of urbanization through the literature research method. One is that the government should lead the social from all walks of life set up the concept of green development, to implement the new urbanization of the thought of ecological environment protection and sustainable development, the top design, the second is to strengthen the environmental protection to strengthen the regulatory functions. Enterprises should establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, develop green emerging industries and increase the supply of green products. The public should actively practice of low carbon concept, news media should actively, with ordinary people, in environmental management and ecological civilization construction play an important role of social supervision by public opinion.

Key words:： new urbanization environmental problems social governance.

目录

中文摘要 II

英文摘要 II

一、导论 1

（一）研究背景及意义 1

1.背景 1

2.意义 1

（二） 相关研究综述 1

1. 新型城镇化概念界定 1

2. 新型城镇化进程中的环境问题 2

3. 新型城镇化进程中环境问题产生的原因 2

4. 新型城镇化进程中环境问题的治理对策 3

（三） 研究问题 3

（四） 研究手段 3

二、新型城镇化进程中的环境问题 5

（一）传统环境问题及其主要表现 5

1.雾霾等恶劣天气频发，空气污染严重 5

2.生活垃圾及工业废料大量产生，垃圾污染严重 5

3.工业废水和生活污水大量排放，水体污染严重 5

4.土地资源遭到破坏，土壤污染形势严峻 5

（二）噪声污染突出，严重干扰民众生活 6

（三）人口密度增长，人均绿地面积不足 6

（四）资源压力加大，隐性环境问题多发 6

（五）城市污染有向农村转移的趋势 6

三、新型城镇化进程中环境问题产生的原因 8

（一）绿色发展理念尚未完全确立 8

1．部分地区仍存在“唯GDP”“先污染后治理”思想 8

2．企业发展理念落后，重经济效益轻社会效益 8

3．部分公民环保意识薄弱，生态文明素养有待提高 8

（二）环境主体层面原因分析 9

1．政府 9

2．企业 9

3．社会公众 10

四、新型城镇化进程中环境问题的治理对策 12

（一）政府应积极引导社会各界树立绿色发展理念 12

1.将绿色发展理念贯穿于政府工作始终 12

2.鼓励企业走高质量绿色发展道路 12

3.加强对公民的环境保护宣传教育 12

（二）政府应加强环境保护顶层设计 12

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