我国水污染治理的生态补偿问题研究毕业论文
2022-03-25 19:34:10
论文总字数:13375字
摘 要
近年来,我国的生态环境,尤其是水环境这一方面受到了我国快速发展的经济的重大影响。我国目前的水污染现象十分严重,一些大型流域更是频繁发生重大的水污染事件。人们对水资源的需求越来越大,但对环境保护却是不怎么到位,导致了水污染的愈发严重,人们应该更加清楚的认识到生态环境保护的重要性,而生态补偿就是对环境保护可持续发展的一种机制。水污染治理的生态补偿能够提高治理水污染效率,保护水资源,促进生态资源环境的保护。健全和完善我国水污染治理的生态补偿制度已是迫在眉睫。
在水污染治理的生态补偿实践中,出现了补偿主体、补偿资金、补偿标准和补偿立法方面的问题,如政府监管不力,补偿资金不能到位,补偿标准的制定缺少依据支撑,立法滞后等问题。本文针对这些问题,提出了协调主体间的利益,加强政府监管,理论结合实际、科学建立生态补偿标准和加快开展生态补偿立法,完善生态补偿规章建设的对策,以期达到对水环境生态的保护和防治。
关键词:水污染 生态补偿 完善立法 多元主体
Study on the ecological compensation of water pollution control in China
Abstract
In recent years, China's ecological environment, especially the water environment has been affected by the rapid development of the economy of our country. China's current water pollution is very serious, some large basins are more frequent occurrence of major water pollution incidents. The importance of people's demand on water resources is more and more, but to protect the environment is not very in place, resulting in the water pollution is increasingly serious, people should be more clearly aware of the ecological environmental protection and ecological compensation is a mechanism of sustainable development to protect the environment. Ecological compensation of water pollution control can improve the efficiency of water pollution control, protect water resources, promote the protection of ecological resources and environment. Perfect and perfect the ecological compensation system of water pollution control in our country is imminent.
In water pollution control, ecological compensation practices, there has been a subject of compensation, compensation funds, compensation standard and compensation legislation the problems, such as government regulation ineffective, compensation funds are not in place, compensation standard formulation lacks supporting evidence, legislation lags behind etc.. The aiming at these problems, the proposed coordination between subjects of interest, strengthen government supervision, combining theory with practice, science establish ecological compensation standard and to accelerate the development of the ecological compensation legislation, the countermeasures to improve the construction of ecological compensation rules, in order to reach on the water ecological environment protection and control.
Key Words: Water pollution;Ecological compensation;Erfect legislation;Plural subject
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
一、我国水污染治理的生态补偿问题研究概述 1
(一)研究背景及意义 1
1.研究背景 1
2.研究意义 1
(二)相关概念界定 1
1.水污染 1
2.生态补偿 1
(三)研究内容及方法 1
1.研究内容 2
2.研究方法 2
二、我国水污染治理的生态补偿案例分析 3
(一)案例分析 3
1.洪湖流域水污染治理案例 3
2.太湖流域水污染治理案例 3
(二)案例启示 3
1.居民对水环境保护的认识度有待提升 3
2.资金来源单一且不能有效利用 3
3.企业忽视环境保护 4
三、我国水污染治理的生态补偿问题及原因分析 5
(一)生态补偿的主体问题及原因分析 5
1.政府监管不到位 5
2.企业对环境污染不作为及原因分析 5
(二)生态补偿的资金问题 5
1.补偿资金不到位 5
2.资金来源单一 5
(三)生态补偿的标准问题分析 6
1.标准制定缺少依据 6
2.缺乏科学补偿标准 6
(四)生态补偿的法律法规问题及原因 6
1.生态补偿法规之间衔接不好 6
2.生态补偿立法滞后 7
四、解决水污染治理生态补偿问题的对策 8
(一)协调主体利益对策建议 8
1.加强政府监管 8
2.提高企业排污成本和处罚力度 8
(二)拓宽补偿资金来源渠道 8
1.拓宽筹集补偿资金渠道 8
2.加大财政投入保障力度 8
(三)完善生态补偿标准 9
1.明确生态补偿标准依据 9
2.建立科学生态补偿标准 9
(四)完善生态补偿法律法规建设 9
1.明确法规之间的衔接性 9
2.完善生态补偿具体法律法规 9
结语 11
参考文献 12
致谢 14
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