论文总字数：19515字

摘 要

随着计算机网络的不断普及，网络舆论监督已逐渐成为我国舆论监督的主要渠道。但应当看到，网络舆论监督作为一种自发性的社会舆论监督，由于舆论“把关人”缺失以及网络技术本身的特性，网络舆论可能因其身份虚拟性以及情绪化特征，网络舆论监督在发挥其积极作用的同时也出现了消极影响，急需有效的引导和适当的控制。在本文中，通过系统的分析，为解决这些问题，并提出了对策引导网络舆论。

本文首先对网络舆论进行概述，结合学术界有代表性的舆论观点和网络舆论的概念，研究了网络舆论的界定、形成并分析了网络舆论不同于报纸、广播、电视等传统媒体舆论的特性。再通过孙志刚案、表叔事件案例论述了我国网络舆论监督的积极作用。然而网络是一把双刃剑,其在为大众造福的同时也埋下了不容忽视的隐患，例如网络信息失真,情绪型舆论弥漫网络,“网络审判”影响司法公正等等。要想充分发挥网络舆论监督的积极作用,就必须针对这些问题探寻相应的对策。我们主要应从法、网、人三个方面对网络舆论监督进行完善和引导,以期能够对现实情况有所裨益。首先是对网络舆论监督法律、法规的完善,其次是网络媒体与传统媒体的引导,再次是加强对网络舆论监督主体的引导工作,最后是政府在网络舆论监督方面的引导。本文的重点在于通过对网络舆论监督存在的问题进行论述分析,寻求可行性的建议与对策,从而达成对我国网络舆论监督的有效管理。

关键词：网络舆论 监督机制 引导机制

Network public opinion supervision and guidance

mechanism research

Abstract

Along with the network popularization, network supervision by public opinion has gradually become the main channel of supervision by public opinion in China.But should see, Network supervision by public opinion, as a kind of spontaneous social supervision by public opinion, due to lack of "gatekeeper" of public opinion and the characteristic of the network technology itself, network public opinion may be virtual sexual and emotional characteristics of his or her identity, network supervision by public opinion in the play its positive role at the same time also appeared a negative impact, be badly in need of effective guidance and the proper control. Aiming at these problems,this thesis takes a systematic analysis and puts forward some solutions concerning the guide of the network public opinion.

This paper first gives an overview of the network public opinion,Combined with the academic conception of public opinion and network public opinion of the definition, study the formation of the network of public opinion, and analyzes the characteristic of network public opinion is different from the traditional media newspapers, radio, television and other media.Then through the case of Sun Zhigang, father's younger male cousin case outlines the positive role of Chinese network supervision of public opinion.But the Internet is a double-edged sword, the buried the hidden trouble that nots allow to ignore it at the same time for the public benefit,Such as network information distortion, Emotional type opinion diffuse network,"Network trial" influence of justice and so on.To give full play to the positive role of the network supervision of public opinion, it is necessary to find the corresponding countermeasures problem.We should be mainly from the improvement and lead to the network supervision of public opinion in three aspects, network, people, in order to help the reality.The first is to improve the network public opinion supervision laws, regulations,The second is the network media and traditional media guide,The last is the government in the network supervision of public opinion of the guide.The focus of this paper is that by analyzing the problem of Internet public opinion supervision, suggestions and Countermeasures to seek the feasibility, so as to achieve the effective management of our country network supervision of public opinion.

Key words: Public opinions in network, supervision, Guiding mechanism

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

一、引 言 1

二、网络舆论概述 2

（一） 网络舆论的界定 2

（二） 网络舆论的形成机制 2

（三） 网络舆论的特性 3

1. 舆论主体的隐匿性 3

2. 舆论信息的交互性 4

3. 舆论客体的广泛性 4

三 、网络舆论监督的积极作用及负面效应 6

（一） 网络舆论监督的积极作用 6

（二） 网络舆论监督负面效应 7

1. 传播谣言，破坏社会秩序 8

2. 情绪型舆论弥漫网络 8

3. 对当事人及第三方的正常生活产生了负面影响 8

4. 政府公信力受到网络舆论挑战 9

5.“网络审判”影响司法公正 9

四、引导网络舆论监督的对策 11

（一） 建立健全网络舆论监督的法律体系 11

（二）加强网络媒体自身的建设 12

1. 加强网络媒体与传统媒体协作 12

2. 提高网站从业人员素质，提高编辑水平 13

3. 打造主流网站 13

4. 强化网站的监管职责 14

（三）加强对网民的思想道德引导 15

1.加强自律 15

2. 鼓励网民构建舆论主体的自我意识 15

3. 倡导网民相互尊重的网络价值 16

（四）政府加强自身管理和引导，增强舆论引导能力 17

1. 提高信息公开的透明度,掌握主动权 17

2.大力发展电子政务 17

结论 18

参考文献 19

致 谢 21

一、引 言

互联网突破了传统媒介在交流和传播方面的一些限制，极大地改变了人们的沟通方式，拓宽了信息传播的广度和深度，拓展了公共关系领域，使公共话语空间的范畴变得越大。而以即时、互动为特点的网络传播方式，为公众抒发真实意愿、参与社会、经济及政治生活，提供了一个方便快捷的舆论平台。但网络又是一柄“双刃剑”，因此必须牢牢把握舆论的正确导向，引导舆论，让健康的理念深入人心，在深入探究网络舆论本身形成规律的基础上，构建网络舆论的引导机制具有重要的理论与实践价值。

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