55m海上平台桩靴在桩孔中收放位置的减阻设计探究毕业论文
2021-10-25 21:00:14
摘 要
由于科学技术的发展十分迅猛,以及各个国家对于海洋资源越来越重视,竞争也越来越紧张,同时,绿色和环保正日益成为主流,因此,可以显著降低海上平台燃料消耗,提高海上平台航速的减阻技术也越来越重要。对于阻力的计算方法,由于目前数值计算方法已经渐渐得到大量的推广和应用,本文也将采用数值计算方法进行试验。
本文就一艘55m的海上平台,为了了解桩靴在桩孔中收放位置对减阻的影响,分别建立了三个不同的桩靴距桩孔不同位置的模型,运用GAMBIT软件进行建模和划分网络,然后在数值模拟计算方面采用了商业计算流体力学软件FLUENT进行。为保证可以较准确地模拟壁面边界层的流动,因此对船体表面附近的网格进行了加密,应用雷诺平均方程和SST 湍流模型,进行对三个模型在不同航速下的阻力研究。
本文以数值计算为基础,通过分析三个模型在四个不同速度下的摩擦阻力,压差阻力和粘性阻力的规律和特征,发现了摩擦阻力和压差阻力对粘性阻力的影响不同,同时对桩靴在桩孔中收放位置对阻力的影响作出了猜测,然后通过压强和速度云图进行一些细节上的补充,并对印证了我的猜测。
关键词:减阻技术;数值模拟;FLUENT;海上平台;桩靴
Abstract
With the rapid development of science and technology, people are paying more and more attention to the increasingly fierce competition of resources among marine countries. At the same time, green and environmental protection are increasingly becoming the mainstream. Therefore, drag reduction technology can greatly reduce the oil consumption of offshore platform and improve the operation speed of offshore platform, which becomes more and more important. For the calculation method of resistance, because the current numerical calculation method has been gradually popularized and applied, this paper will also use the numerical calculation method to test.
In this paper, for a 55m offshore platform, in order to understand the influence of the position of the pile shoe in the pile hole on the drag reduction, three different models of the distance between the pile shoe and the pile hole are established respectively, and the gambit software is used to model and divide the network, and then the commercial CFD software FLUENT is used to carry out the numerical simulation calculation. In order to ensure that the flow of the boundary layer on the wall can be simulated more accurately.Based on the SST Turbulence model, the hull surface grid is densified, and the resistance of the three models at different speeds is studied by using the Reynolds average equation.
Based on the numerical calculation, this paper analyzes the laws and characteristics of friction resistance, differential pressure resistance and viscous resistance of three models under four different speeds, and finds that the influence of friction resistance and differential pressure resistance on viscous resistance is different. At the same time, it makes a guess on the influence of the position of the pile shoe in the pile hole on the resistance, and then makes some detailed analysis through the pressure and velocity nephogram Supplement and confirm my guess.
Key words: drag reduction technology; numerical simulation; fluent; offshore platform; pile shoe
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
1.绪论 3
1.1引言 3
1.2国内外研究现况 3
1.3本论文的研究内容 4
2.理论知识部分 5
2.1阻力概述 5
2.2 CFD理论基础 6
2.2.1数值计算方法 6
2.2.2控制方程 7
2.2.3湍流模型 8
2.3数值求解方法 10
2.3.1网络划分 10
2.3.2离散方法和离散格式 11
2.3.3求解方法 12
2.4边界条件与初始条件 12
2.5本章小结 13
3.模型概述与初始条件 14
3.1模型概述 14
3.2 数值计算的边界条件及计算域 15
3.3 计算域网格划分 16
4.计算结果与数据分析 17
4.1各阻力分析 17
4.2速度云图和压强云图 19
4.2.1计算域顶面 19
4.2.2船船尾桩靴和桩孔 20
4.3本章小结 22
5.结论与展望 23
5.1全文总结 23
5.2展望与不足 23
参考文献 24
致 谢 25
1.绪论
1.1引言
科学技术在不断发展进步,各个国家也在力求不断发展,能源显得越来越重要了,特别是在全球化后,大量发展中国家兴建工厂,以及汽车等交通工具越来越被广泛使用,人类对能源的需求也越来越大。然而经过长年累月的开采,陆上油气资源已日趋贫乏。中国拥有丰富的海洋资源。在我国黄海,渤海和南海海底拥有大面积的油气资源,不仅是有大量石油天然气等战略资源,天然气水合物等新能源资源的探明量也十分巨大。因此,我国油气勘探逐渐从陆上转向海上。
近年来,特别是哥本哈根会议之后,随着全球范围内对节能减排问题的关注,人们更加关注低碳生活。减阻技术可以显著降低海洋平台的燃油消耗,减少海洋平台的排放,提高海洋平台的航速,提高海洋平台的续航能力,因而具有重要的经济价值和军事价值。
自升式钻井平台是海上油气钻采作业常用的海洋设备。它主要由平台主体,起重设备,桩腿,桩靴等组成[1]。当自升式钻井平台的工作深度超过50m时,应设置桩结构[2]。随着自升式钻井平台工作水深的不断增加,桩靴的结构和形状都得到了明显的改善,常见的桩靴有圆柱形,圆锥形,方形,双曲面等,目前市场上以圆锥形桩靴居多[3]。