论文总字数：17544字

摘 要

陆地上油气资源逐渐枯竭，而作为能够生产、加工、储存原油的浮式生产储卸油装置在未来将会有很大的发挥空间。由于其不具备自主航行的能力，所以从海中到达港口的过程中往往需要拖船的协助。在拖航的过程中往往会受到风、流、浪、船舶交通流、通航密度等的影响，在过去船员和拖航相关人员往往根据竟然来来应对这些问题，而本文则会根据理论知识，结合拖航所需受到的阻力来给出拖航安全保障措施。长江航道是我国最重要的航运通道，而东海油田又有着丰富的油气资源，长江口与东海直接相连，如何将FPSO安全的带入长江有着十分重要的意义。

论文主要研究超大型FPSO进入长江口制定合理的拖带方案，如何进行操作，配合合适的拖船进行拖带。结合FPSO本身的特性，以及拖航的环境因素，计算出所需要的拖航马力，再根据实际港口的通航调节给出拖带方案，并提出航行安全保障措施。通过长江口的一些港口信息，结合具体案例，提出了一些针对性的航行安全保障措施，对于海事部门完善了海事监管措施，提供了新的思路。

关键词：FPSO；拖带作业；安全保障；拖带方式

Abstract

The oil and gas resources on the land are gradually exhausted, and the floating production, storage and unloading device, which can produce, process and store crude oil, will have great potential in the future. Since they are not capable of autonomous navigation, tugboats are often needed to reach the port from the sea. In the course of towing, it is often affected by wind, current, wave, ship traffic flow and navigable density, etc. In the past, the crew and the relevant personnel of towing often deal with these problems according to their own experience. However, this paper will provide the towing safety guarantee measures according to the theoretical knowledge and the resistance required for towing.

The Yangtze river channel is the most important shipping channel in China, and the oil fields in the east China sea are rich in oil and gas resources. The Yangtze river estuary is directly connected with the east China sea, so how to bring the FPSO safely into the Yangtze river is of great significance.

Firstly, the characteristics of FPSO and the environmental factors of towing should be combined to calculate the required towing horsepower, and then the towing scheme should be given according to the navigation regulation of the actual port, and the navigation security measures should be put forward.

This paper mainly studies the formulation of a reasonable towing scheme for the entry of the ultra-large FPSO into the Yangtze river estuary, how to operate it and how to cooperate with the appropriate tugboats for towing.Based on the information of some ports in the Yangtze river estuary, combined with specific cases, this paper puts forward some targeted navigation safety guarantee measures, so as to improve the maritime supervision measures and provide a new management idea for the maritime departments.

Key Words：FPSO；Towing operation；security assurance；towing way

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 2

1.2FPSO进江（港）拖带研究现状 3

1.3本文研究意义 4

1.4本章小结 5

第2章FPSO及拖带方式介绍 6

2.1 FPSO概述 6

2.2拖航概述 7

2.2.1拖航及拖带 8

2.2.2拖航前准备 8

2.2.3海上拖航 8

2.3拖带方式（种类） 8

2.4 FPSO拖带方式 9

2.4.1三种主要拖带方式 9

2.4.2三种主要拖带方式对比 10

2.5本章小结 11

第3章拖航阻力计算 12

3.1本文研究模型 12

3.2海上拖航阻力计算 12

3.3本章小结 13

第4章拖航方案及航行安全保障 14

4.1长江口港口信息 14

4.2FPSO拖带航行作业限制条件 16

4.3拖带方案 16

4.3.1拖带方式 16

4.3.2拖带前准备 18

4.3.3拖带过程 19

4.3.4拖带注意事项 20

4.4航行安全保障措施 21

4.5本章小结 21

第5章结论与展望 22

5.1主要结论 22

5.1展望 22

参考文献 24

致谢 26

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

随着陆地上天然气、石油等资源的日渐减少，出现了水能转动能、风能、潮汐能、太阳能、地热能等可再生能源和新能源，但是煤、石油、天然气等传统的不可再生资源仍然占据了能源市场的绝大部分，陆地上的能源已经开始出现了匮乏。

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