论文总字数：22232字

摘 要

导航是指引导运载体(如船舶)安全航行，即将运载体从一个地方安全地引导到另以个地方的过程。但是随着科学技术的发展，导航还需要为运载 体以及载体内的其他系统(如测量、武器、监视的系统)提供精确的导航和定位信息，对船舶的航向和航迹进行控制，实现船舶动力定位^[1]。

航迹推算（Dead Reckoning）是根据船上最基本的航海仪器(罗经和计程仪)所指示的航向和航程，结合海区内的风流要素，不借助外界物标或航标，从某一已知船位起，推算出具有一定精度的航迹和某一时刻的船位的方法。航迹推算是航海上求取船位的最基本的方法,也是陆标定位、电子定位和天文定位的基础^[2]。

提高船舶航迹推算精度是目前研究船舶导航的重要部分，在结合船舶基本仪器和航迹推算原理外，通过采用新型导航助航设备，结合计算机领域进行计算达到提高航迹推算精度的目标。

本文运用虚拟航行模拟系统为平台，将不同水域的风流要素考虑在内；以提高航迹推算精度为目标进行研究，开展了相关研究工作。

首先，对于航迹推算技术，先从船舶导航系统入手，对其进行一定的讲解，对于航迹推算所使用的导航技术进行介绍。并对云平台的系统组成、技术特点、主要功能及基于云平台的航线制定进行了介绍。

其次，介绍之后结合云平台将航迹推算的数据进行采集并分别进行航迹绘算和航迹计算，得出航迹推算的结果，在此基础上进行分析，得出初步结论。

最后，获得初步结论后就从自身可以将航迹推算精度提高的方法进行讲解，并利用电子海图与信息显示系统进行辅助，通过对于数据的来源和动态处理进行分析。

关键词：船舶导航 航迹推算 云平台 电子海图信息与显示系统

Abstract

Navigation refers to the process of guiding a carrier (such as a ship) to sail safely, that is, to guide the carrier safely from one place to another. However, with the development of science and technology, navigation also needs to provide accurate navigation and positioning information for

the carrier and other systems in the carrier (such as measurement, weapons and monitoring systems), control the course and track of the ship, and realize dynamic positioning of the ship.

The dead reckoning is according to the course and range indicated by the ship's most basic navigation instruments (compass and log), combined with the wind flow elements in the sea area, the method can calculate the track with a certain accuracy and the ship's position at a certain moment from a certain known ship position without the aid of external objects or navigation marks. Track estimation is the most basic method to find the ship's position in navigation. It is also the basis for land mark positioning, electronic positioning and astronomical positioning.

Improving the accuracy of ship's dead reckoning is an important part of the research on ship's navigation at present. In addition to combining the ship's basic instruments and dead reckoning principles, the goal of improving the dead reckoning accuracy is achieved by adopting new navigation aids and combining calculations in the computer field.

In this paper, the virtual navigation simulation system is used as a platform, and the wind flow factors in different waters are taken into account. In order to improve the accuracy of dead reckoning, the research was carried out and related research work was carried out.

First of all, for the dead reckoning technology, we will start with the ship navigation system, explain it to some extent, and introduce the navigation technology used in dead reckoning. The system composition, technical features, main functions and route planning based on the cloud platform are also introduced.

Secondly, after the introduction, the cloud platform is combined to collect the data of track estimation, and track plotting and track calculation are respectively carried out to obtain the result of track estimation. On this basis, analysis is carried out to obtain preliminary conclusions.

Finally, after the preliminary conclusion is obtained, the method of improving the track estimation accuracy can be explained, and assisted by electronic chart and information display system, through analyzing the data source and dynamic processing.

Key words: Electronic Chart Display and Information System Ship Navigation system

Cloud Platform Dead Reckoning

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2相关技术及发展情况 1

1.2.1船舶导航系统和航迹推算技术 1

1.2.2电子海图技术 2

1.2.3云平台技术 2

第2章 航迹推算与云平台 4

2.1引言 4

2.2基于航迹推算的导航技术 4

2.2.1计算航法及中分纬度算法介绍 4

2.2.2计算航法的应用情况 6

2.3云平台 7

2.3.1云平台的组成 7

2.3.2云平台技术 8

2.3.3使用云平台进行航迹推算分析的优势 8

2.4航迹推算与云平台关系 9

2.5云平台与实际平台的联系与差别 9

第3章 船舶在风流中的航迹推算 11

3.1引言 11

3.2船舶在风流中的矢量分析 11

3.3风流中航迹推算实验及分析 12

第4章 结合电子海图减小航迹推算误差 21

4.1引言 21

4.2电子海图与信息显示系统的应用 21

4.3基于ECDIS的航迹推算方法 21

4.3.1获取位置信息精度的提高 22

4.3.2动态船舶定位 22

4.4本章小结 23

第5章 结论 24

参考文献 25

致谢 26

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

随着船舶数量和密度不断增大，船舶导航的难度也变得越来越大，准确的进行船舶导航是确定船舶安全航行的重要组成部分。船舶导航系统采用两种及两种以上导航设备输出的信息，通过一定理论使用计算机技术整合分析，够成了综合性能优秀，使用可靠程度远超过单一仪器的综合系统。通过多种仪器进行信息处理，给出可行度高的数据保障航行的正确决策，并且满足现代航行需要。这一综合导航系统结合了多种技术以及终端，将计算机技术、控制系统、数据收集处理以及终端显示等。

航海越来越发达的同时，对于导航综合系统的要求也日趋复杂，系统的功能也越来越繁多和完善。得益于各行业的发展，使得我们不仅能够获得早期航海只能得到的水文气象要素、测深测速等传统的数据，而且能获得更多类似于底质这类有助于船舶抛锚的信息和助航标志的维护等航行信息等等，更多的信息为我们的航行提供方方面面的保障。

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