论文总字数：21649字

摘 要

现如今世界各国之间的联系合作非常密切，全球的经济趋于多元化、一体化，由于陆路运输交通不便、空运载货量小成本高，所以海洋运输逐渐兴盛，因此船舶的海上交通量也快速增长，造成了水运负荷增加、航道拥挤，致使船舶的运输效率下降。由于船舶自身可能存在的故障问题，再加上人为因素以及气候环境等所造成的影响致使船舶交通事故增多，给集体和个人带来了巨大的经济损失。为了调查分析船舶交通事故，合理优化航运交通流相关海事部门定会做出有力的措施，其中一个关键问题就是船舶轨迹反演实现技术。目前从视景再现角度研发了一种船舶轨迹在线仿真系统，这个系统可将二维船舶航迹系统呈现出来，同时也可将三维GIS仿真系统与前者相结合实现可视化。

海事事故的调查以及船舶交通流的分析，需要船舶航行的历史轨迹作为研究依据，本文基于GPS样本数据结合Google earth软件的使用，研究船舶轨迹反演实现技术。主要研究工作如下：

1. 通过查阅相关文献，了解国内外关于船舶轨迹反演领域的研究现状及其所采用的的技术方法，整理思路确定本文的研究方法及技术路线。
2. 在船舶模拟驾驶实验室或航行实习虚拟平台输出一段航程数据，为基于GPS的船舶轨迹反演实现提供数据基础。
3. 将获得的航程数据按照要求的格式保存到文档，然后再加载到Google earth软件当中，Google earth识别船舶轨迹位置数据文件就可以显示目标的轨迹。
4. 对Google earth软件的各部分功能及其使用方法进行研究，掌握船舶轨迹在Google earth软件上的显示技术，实现船舶轨迹的再现反演。

综上所言，通过对船舶轨迹的再现反演，为调查船舶事故发生原因和机理、判定事故责任、处理海事事故提供科学依据，也可直观的看到某一海域船舶的分布和走向，因此本文在海事事故的调查以及分析船舶交通流等方面有着非常重要的意义。

关键词：GPS；Google earth；船舶轨迹；反演

Abstract

Nowadays, the world economy is becoming increasingly globalized. With the rapid growth of the volume of maritime traffic, the load carried by the waters is greatly increased and the shipping lanes are crowded, resulting in the decline of the shipping efficiency. In this case, the ship's own faults and the increase of traffic accidents caused by human factors have caused huge economic losses. In order to investigate and analyze the ship traffic accidents, it is necessary to optimize the shipping traffic flow reasonably. One of the key problems is the technology of ship trajectory inversion. At present, a ship track online simulation system is developed from the perspective of visual reproduction, which can realize the linkage visualization between the 2d ship track system and the 3d GIS simulation system.

The investigation of maritime accidents and the analysis of ship traffic flow require the historical trajectory of ship navigation as the research basis. Based on GPS sample data and the use of Google earth software, this paper studies the realization technology of ship trajectory inversion. The main research work is as follows:

1. By consulting relevant literature, we can understand the research status and technical methods of ship trajectory inversion at home and abroad, and sort out the ideas to determine the research method and technical route of this paper.

2. Output a section of voyage data in the ship simulation pilot laboratory or virtual navigation practice platform, providing data basis for the realization of ship trajectory inversion based on GPS.

3. Save the obtained voyage data into the document in the required format, and then load it into the Google earth software. Then, Google earth can identify the ship track location data file and display the target track.

4. Studied the functions of each part of Google earth software and its application methods, mastered the display technology of ship track on Google earth software, and realized the reproduction and inversion of ship track.

In conclusion, through the reappearance of ship trajectory inversion, causes and mechanism

for investigation of ship accident, determine the accident responsibility, provide a scientific basis for dealing with maritime accident, also can be intuitive to see a sea area distribution and trend of the vessel, so this article in Marine accident investigation and analysis of ship traffic flow and so on has very important significance.

Key words: GPS; Google earth. Ship's track; The inversion

目录

摘要

第一章 绪论

1.1研究的背景与意义

1.2国内外研究现状

1.3研究内容与技术路线

1.3.1研究内容

1.3.2技术路线

第二章GPS的组成及应用

2.1 GPS的组成部分

2.1.1空间部分

2.1.2地面控制部分

2.1.3 用户部分

2.2 GPS工作原理

2.2.1 基本定位原理

2.2.2载波相位测量

2.3 GPS在航海中的应用

2.4 本章小结

第三章 GPS位置数据的采集与保存

3.1 GPS位置数据的采集

3.1.1GPS数据格式

3.1.2 GPS数据接收

3.1.3 GPS数据处理

3.1.4 位置数据的提取

3.2 GPS位置数据的保存

3.2.1 TXT文本格式与KML文件之间的转换

3.2.2 KML文件的保存

3.3 船舶轨迹数据分析

3.3.1 航迹的保存与处理

3.3.2 建立数据模型

3.4 本章小结

第四章 船舶轨迹显示技术

4.1 Google earth Pro软件的使用

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