论文总字数：26661字

摘 要

大数据时代来临，当前在每个行业随处可见大量的数据，数据已经成为了不可分割的部分。航运业蓬勃发展，随之而来的是安全事故逐渐增多，为了确保船舶的安全航行，从数据中提取所需信息并且分析加以利用，研究船舶轨迹计算船舶距离对于海上交通运输来说非常迫切。AIS被用作探测周围的船舶，获取目标信息跟踪目标而被广泛安装在船舶上。其发送的AIS数据可以用来研究船舶的活动，意义重大。

传统观测船舶之间的距离主要靠雷达，但航运业蓬勃发展，船只数目增多，只靠雷达难以完成对周围众多船只的观测，AIS技术能保存大量数据，可以显示其作用范围内所有的船舶部分动态和静态数据，在事故发生后可以通过AIS技术调出数据，这点是雷达所不具备的。雷达容易受到干扰，AIS技术则没有这个缺陷，通过AIS技术计算出的距离可以与雷达相互辅助以提高航行安全。

本文主要通过分析AIS的系统组成、工作原理以及AIS技术在船舶距离计算中应用优势，数据类型和更新频率，筛选出合适的数据，通过差值法得出缺失的位置信息，得到相同时刻船位，利用球面三角形计算船舶之间的距离，放到MATLAB中得出计算后的距离关系图像，与原始轨迹进行对比分析，结果显示计算结果符合规律，证明用AIS数据计算船舶距离是可行的。利用AIS数据计算船舶距离，可以与雷达优势互补，进而提高航行安全，为在危急情况下的船舶遭遇提供一定帮助。船舶之间的距离计算的研究对提高海上交通安全和交通效率具有重要意义，有利于航运业的发展。

关键词:AIS数据;船间距离;船舶轨迹;海上交通

Abstract

With the advent of the era of big data, data has penetrated into every industry business function area and become an important factor. Under the background of the rapid development of waterway transportation, the problem of water safety has become increasingly prominent. It is of great theoretical and practical value to analyze and study the distance and trajectory between ships based on the safe navigation of ships. As a general supporting facility for ship identification and tracking, AIS is widely used in all kinds of ships. The AIS data generated by AIS plays an important role in ship behavior research.

In the past, radar was mainly used to observe the distance between the surrounding ships, but the shipping industry is booming and the number of ships is increasing. It is difficult to complete the observation of the surrounding ships only by radar. AIS can save a large number of data, which can display the dynamic and static data of all the ships within its scope of action. After the accident, it can call out the data through AIS, which is not possessed by radar. Radar is easy to be interfered, but AIS has no such defect. The distance calculated by AIS can help radar to improve navigation safety.

This paper mainly analyzes the system composition, working principle of AIS and the application advantages, data types and update frequency of AIS technology in ship distance calculation, selects the appropriate data, obtains the missing position information through the difference method, obtains the ship position at the same time, calculates the distance between ships using the spherical trigonometry, and puts it into Matlab to get the calculated distance relationship image Compared with the original trajectory, the results show that the calculation results are in accordance with the law, which proves that it is feasible to calculate the ship distance with AIS data. Using AIS data to calculate ship's distance can complement radar's advantages, improve navigation safety, and provide some help for ship's encounter in critical situation. The research on the calculation of distance between ships is of great significance to improve the safety and efficiency of maritime traffic, and is conducive to the development of shipping industry.

Key words: AIS data; ship to ship distance; ship trajectory; maritime traffic

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract I I

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3研究内容及研究思路 2

1.3.1研究内容 2

1.3.2研究思路 3

第2章 AIS技术概述及其应用优势 4

2.1 AIS技术简介 4

2.2 AIS系统组成 4

2.3 AIS工作原理 7

2.4 AIS技术在船间距离计算的应用优势 8

第3章 基于AIS数据计算船舶距离原理 10

3.1 分析AIS数据类型 10

3.2 AIS数据的更新频率 11

3.3船间距离计算方法和公式推导 13

3.3.1 AIS数据筛选 13

3.3.2 对AIS数据差值处理 13

3.3.3球面三角形计算距离原理 15

第4章 基于AIS数据船距计算过程及实验验证分析 18

4.1 AIS数据的获取 18

4.1.1 语句格式 18

4.1.2 消息解码 19

4.2 计算过程及验证分析 21

4.2.1 距离计算 21

4.2.2 方位计算 23

4.2.3坐标变换 24

4.2.4验证分析 26

第5章 总结与展望 28

5.1 总结 28

5.2 展望 28

参考文献 30

致 谢 32

第1章 绪论

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