摘 要

当今，全球经济正不断发展飞速，对能源的需求量也正急剧增大。然而，诸如煤炭、石油等传统的不可再生能源的储量十分有限，若持续开发则会加剧环境污染甚至造成地球资源枯竭，因此，全球能源发展不断向可再生能源转型是发展的必要趋势。近海风能资源约为陆上风能资源的3～5倍，且近海风能具有利用率高、不占用城市用地等多种优点，从而得到各国政府大力发展。风机基础作为海上风力发电机组的主要支撑结构，在海上风电场的建设中具有极其重要的地位，其强度、刚度、稳定性等是否安全可靠对上部风机结构是否稳定以及整个海上风电场能否正常运行具有极其重要的意义。结合不同的场址海域的气象、水文、地质条件以及风机荷载、环境荷载等，合理对比选择出最优的海上风机基础类型，并进一步进行基础设计和结构验算，是海上风机基础设计的基本步骤。

第一，本文介绍了海上风力发电的背景，同时简单介绍了目前国内外较为常用的海上风机形式，对比了各种基础形式的适用范围及其优缺点，并对海上风机基础设计的规范标准做了基本介绍。

第二，本文在分析菩提岛海上风电场场址水文及地质条件的基础上，对三种常见的海上风机基础做出定性分析比选，选取大直径钢管单桩作为本文最终的设计方案，并根据相关规范要求进行基础设计。

第三，本文根据有关规范对拟设计的大直径钢管桩基础进行了结构静力分析，分别验算了竖向、水平承载力和基础沉降变形。竖向承载力验算采用经验公式法计算，水平承载力验算采用m法计算，基础沉降采用竖向压缩分层总和法计算。

第四，本文进行了海上风机基础防撞设施设计、防腐蚀设计以及吊耳板设计。

第五，本文介绍了大直径钢管桩沉桩施工工艺、沉桩系统、施工难点及施工各阶段的关键技术要求。

本文基于相关设计规范，对河北菩提岛海上风场4WM风机进行了基础设计及结构验算，为海上风机基础设计提供了一定的参考，希望对该海上风电工程项目的发展起到一定的推动作用。

关键词：海上风机基础设计；大直径单桩基础；静力分析；防撞设施设计；防腐蚀设计；吊耳板设计

Abstract

Today, the global economy is developing rapidly, and the demand for energy is also increasing rapidly. However, the reserves of traditional non-renewable energy sources such as coal and petroleum are very limited. If they are continuously developed, it will aggravate environmental pollution and even cause the depletion of the earth resources. Therefore, the continuous transformation of global energy development to renewable energy is a necessary trend for development. Offshore wind energy resources are about 3 to 5 times that of onshore wind energy resources, and it has many advantages such as high utilization rate and no occupation of urban land, which has been vigorously developed by governments of various countries. As the main supporting structure of offshore wind turbine, wind turbine foundation plays an extremely important role in the construction of offshore wind farm. Whether its strength, stiffness, stability are safe and reliable is of great significance to the stability of the upper wind turbine structure and the normal operation of the whole offshore wind farm. Combined with the meteorological, hydrological, geological conditions, wind turbine load, and environmental load of different sites and sea areas, a reasonable comparison and selection of the best offshore wind turbine foundation type, and further basic design and structural verification are the basic steps of offshore wind turbine foundation design.

Firstly, the background of offshore wind power generation is introduced in this paper. And at the same time, the commonly used offshore wind turbine forms at home and abroad, compares the application scope and advantages and disadvantages of various basic forms, and the specifications and standards of offshore wind turbine foundation design are also introduced briefly in this paper.

Secondly, based on the analysis of the hydrological and geological conditions of the Bodhi Island offshore wind farm site, a qualitative analysis and comparison of three common offshore wind turbine foundations is made in this thesis. The steel monopile is selected as the final design scheme, and the basic design is carried out according to the requirements of relevant specifications.

Thirdly, according to the relevant specifications, a structural static analysis on the steel monopile foundation to be designed is conducted in this article, and its axial and lateral bearing capacity and axial foundation deformation are checked respectively. The axial bearing capacity check is calculated using the empirical formula method, the lateral bearing capacity check is calculated using the m method, and the axial foundation deformation check is calculated using the vertical compression layered sum method.

Fourthly, the berthing anti-collision components design, corrosion prevention design, and lifting lug design of the offshore wind turbine monopile foundation are carried out in this paper.

Finally, the construction technology, pile driving system, construction difficulties and key technical requirements of each stage of monopile driving are introduces simply in this paper.

Based on the relevant design specifications, a basic design and structural verification of the 4WM wind turbine in Bodhi Island offshore wind farm in Hebei are carried out in this paper, which provided a certain reference for t offshore wind turbines foundation design, hoping to play a certain role in promoting the development of offshore wind power projects.

Key Words：Offshore turbine foundation design; monopile foundation; static analysis; anti-collision components design; corrosion prevention design; lifting lug design

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题背景 1

1.2 海上风机基础结构类型 1

1.3 海上风机基础设计规范 3

1.3.1 国外海上风机基础设计规范 3

1.3.2 我国海上风机基础设计规范 4

第二章 海上风机基础设计 5

2.1基础结构设计内容 5

2.2设计资料 5

2.2.1工程项目概况 5

2.2.2场址地质条件 5

2.2.3 场址气象与水文条件 6

2.3 荷载、荷载组合及设计工况 7

2.4 基础结构设计 7

2.4.1 基础结构选型 7

2.4.2 大直径钢管桩基础结构设计 8

第三章 大直径钢管桩基础静力分析 11

3.1 结构承载力验算 11

3.1.1 竖直向承载力验算 11

3.2.2 水平承载力验算 12

3.2 基础变形验算 15

第四章 大直径钢管桩基础附属设计 19

4.1 防撞设施设计 19

4.1.1 防撞设施设计概述 19

4.1.2 常见的防撞设施设计 19

4.1.3 大直径钢管桩基础的防撞设施设计 20

4.2 防腐蚀设施设计 22

4.3 吊耳板设计 23

4.3.1 吊耳板尺寸设计 23

4.3.2 吊耳板强度校核 25

第五章 大直径钢管桩沉桩施工 26

5.1 大直径钢管桩沉桩工艺流程及沉桩系统 26

5.1.1 海上沉桩工艺流程 26

5.1.2 海上沉桩施工系统 27

5.2 大直径钢管桩施工难点及施工关键技术 27

5.2.1 施工难点 27

5.2.2 施工各阶段的关键技术 28

第六章 总结 29

参考文献 30

致谢 31

第一章 绪论

1.1选题背景

近年来，随着我国社会经济的快速发展，人民生活水平得到了不断提高，全民环保节能意识越来越强，对发展新能源和保护环境的呼声越来越高，绿水青山就是金山银山的环保观念也逐渐深入人心。在可持续发展的时代大背景之下，继续大力开发和使用石油、煤炭等传统不可再生能源无异于杀鸡取卵、竭泽而渔，严重背离资源节约型、环境友好型的发展理念，这不仅会造成地球资源加速枯竭，而且传统不可再生能源在消耗中还会产生大量污染，加剧全球温室效应，威胁人类赖以生存的环境。因此，不断大力开发风能、太阳能、潮汐能等绿色可再生能源是目前各国的能源发展趋势，顺应时代发展之潮流。其中，风能因其具有储量丰富、绿色清洁、使用安全等诸多优势，成为当下最具有开发潜力和利用价值的绿色能源。按地理位置分，风能发电可分为陆上风能发电和海上风能发电。与传统的陆上风能发电相比，由于海上风能发电具有资源丰富、风能密度大、单机容量大、年利用率高、产生噪音小、距离电力负荷中心近、海上风电传输方式灵活、不占用城市用地等多方面的优势，各国正不断推进海上风力发电场的建设和发展，海上风能发电也迎来快速发展期。

目前，我国陆上风力发电技术已相当成熟，风电发展较为迅速，风力发电量大、风能利用率高、发电成本不断降低。截止至2012年，我国内蒙古等11个省区的风电累计并网装机量已高达2000MW。未来我国的风能发电前景也十分可观，风力发电成本与煤炭相比将呈现十分明显的下降趋势。预计到2030年，仅15%的风力发电机即可满足全国约8%的用电需求；到2050年，风力发电将成为我国能源发展中的主力军。