摘 要

世界贸易中货物运输量的80%是由水路运输承担的，水路运输强有力地支持着世界经济的发展，随着经济全球化的发展，对航运的需求越来越大，急需改善航道的通航环境和航道的通过能力。与消耗大量人力物力资源的航道扩宽相比，交通组织通过相对简单有效的时间分隔和空间分隔的方法合理分配交通流，压降航道内的交通冲突，分隔不同航向或不同等级的船舶交通流，提高航道内船舶的航行安全，保障国民经济健康稳定发展。然而长期以来，在改善港口航道通航环境和提高航道通过能力方面,往往注重于对航道尺度的扩张,而忽视了对航道船舶进行交通组织的改善。随着港区规模扩大,航道交汇水域的船舶交叉会遇增多,往往需通过有效合理的船舶交通组织疏导交汇水域船舶，减少航行冲突，为了保障航道交汇水域船舶航行的安全和效率,有必要对交通组织的影响进行优化研究。 本文对交汇水域的主要类型进行分类，并分别研究了各类交汇水域的特点，引入了交通组织的理论、详细探讨其设计原则、以及常见的交通组织方法。总结了当前交汇水域交通组织的研究成果，并提出将相位疏密控制方法应用于交通组织规则的制定，并分析应用相位疏密控制方法的效果，讨论了相位疏密控制方法在交通组织研究中的应用，为交汇水域的交通管理提供依据。

本文共分为六章，第一章为绪论，介绍研究的背景，以及研究的目的及意义，并总结分析交通组织的国内外研究现状；第二章总结分析了交汇水域的特点，将交汇水域主要分为T型、Y型和十字型交汇水域三类，分别分析各类交汇水域的特点；第三章是交通组织的综述，介绍了交通组织的概念和类别、阐述了交通组织的原则及船舶交通的主要管理机构，最后介绍了目前交通组织的主要形式，如空间分隔交通流，设置报告线，控制船舶速度、设置船舶缓冲区等；第四章中介绍相位疏密控制理论的概念，讨论相位疏密控制方法的技术过程，分析该控制理论适用的交汇水域类型，进而分析相位疏密控制方法的优势，最后对分析相位疏密控制方法的实施对交汇水域的交通冲突形式和航道通过效率等的影响，并探讨交汇水域应实施的交通组织方案；第五章，以上海港南港北槽航道为例，对交汇水域交通状况进行分析，提出可行的交通组织方案；最后，第六章对本文的研究内容作出总结，提出本文存在的不足和需要进一步完善的研究内容。

关键词：交汇水域、交通组织、航道通过能力、相位疏密控制方法

Abstract

80% of world trade in goods traffic is borne by the water transportation, water transportation, strongly support the development of world economy. With the development of economic globalization, there is an increasing demand for shipping, so it is urgent to improve the navigation environment of the channel and channel capacity. Compared with the channel expanding which consume a large amount of manpower and resources, traffic organization work by relatively simple effective method of division of space and time to distribute traffic flow reasonably, it relieve the pressure of conflict within the waterway traffic, separate vessel traffic flows which have different heading or levels, improve channel within the ship navigation safety guarantee the healthy and stable development of national economy. However, for a long time, in improving port navigation environment and improve the channel capacity, people mostly tend to focus on the expansion of channel dimensions, and neglect the improvement of the traffic organization of the ship of the channel. With the increase of port scale, the number of ships cross encounter of channel confluence area, it often needs to leading the ships at channel intersection through effective reasonable organization, and achieve the goal of reducing conflict. In order to ensure the navigation safety and efficiency of channel confluence area it is necessary to research on the influence of traffic organization optimization. In this paper, the confluence area is mainly divided into three types, and studied the characteristics of all kinds of intersection waters, respectively introduces the theory of traffic organization, discusses the design principles and common methods of traffic organization. It also summarizes the current research achievements of traffic organization of intersection waters, and puts forward the method of phase density control applying to the traffic organization rules formulation, and analysis of the effect of the application of the phase density control method, and finally provide theoretical support for the establishment of traffic organization rules, indirectly ensure the safety of the ship sailing on the intersection of waters.

This article is divided into six chapters, the first chapter is introduction, it introduces the research background, and the research purpose and meaning, and summarizes domestic and foreign research present situation of traffic organization; The second chapter, the characteristics of the intersection waters were analyzed and summarized in this paper, mainly, intersection waters can be divided into three types, including T,Y and cross types, respectively analyzing the characteristics of all kinds of intersection waters; The third chapter is the traffic organization summarize, this paper introduces the concept and categories of traffic organization, this paper expounds the principles of traffic organization, and the main governing body of the vessel traffic, finally introduces the main forms of traffic organization , such as space separate the traffic flow, set the report line, control of the ship speed, set the ship buffer, etc.; In the fourth chapter, phase density control method was applied, joining the vessel traffic organization, the paper expounds the general processes of phase density control method, analyze the suitable area of the phase density control method , then analysis the advantage of phase density control method, and finally analyzes the effect of the implementation of phase density control, and discusses what traffic organization scheme should be implemented in intersection waters. The fifth chapter, on the basis of north channel, analyzes traffic intersection waters, puts forward feasible traffic organization plan; Finally, the sixth chapter make a summary of this article research content, and put forward the existing problems and the further research of the paper.

Key Words: confluence area; traffic organization; channel capacity; phase density control method

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景、目的及意义 1

1.1.1 背景介绍 1

1.1.2 研究的目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 研究的主要内容和方法 2

1.3.1 研究的主要内容 2

1.3.2 研究方法 3

1.3.3 技术路线 3

1.4 论文结构 4

第2章 航道交汇水域综述 5

2.1 各类型复杂通航环境交汇水域综述 5

2.2 Y型交汇水域的研究 5

2.3 十字型交汇水域的研究 6

2.4 T型交汇水域的研究 8

第3章 交通组织综述 10

3.1 交通组织的概念与类别 10

3.1.1 交通组织的概念 10

3.1.2 交通组织分类 10

3.2 交通组织的原则 11

3.2.1 交通分离原则 11

3.2.2 优先原则 11