紫花苜蓿对垃圾渗沥液污染土壤中氮素迁移的影响研究毕业论文
2021-03-29 22:42:00
摘 要
本文通过紫花苜蓿种植实验,分析紫花苜蓿对不同程度渗沥液污染土壤中氮素迁移转化的影响以及在植物修复过程中土壤氮素的迁移转化规律。主要对土壤中pH、氨氮、脲酶和总氮进行了测定,分析不同渗沥液污染程度下的土壤中各指标测定结果,并且对修复组和对照组实验结果进行对照分析。
实验结果研究表明:1)在低、中、高三种渗沥液污染程度中,种植了紫花苜蓿,土壤的pH值向中性或弱碱性靠近;2)经过植物修复的土壤中,由于紫花苜蓿进行固氮作用,改善了植物体内及根系环境的氮营养水平,植物根系微生物活跃,从而提高了土壤脲酶活性;3)低、中、高三种渗沥液污染程度土壤中,土壤氨氮由于被紫花苜蓿吸收以及被微生物氧化成硝酸而去除;4)低、中、高三种污染程度下的土壤总氮含量减少,是由于土壤中的氨氮和其他氮素能够被紫花苜蓿吸收;5)土壤中的氮素被紫花苜蓿吸收,紫花苜蓿体内的氮素含量增加。
由此可以看出,紫花苜蓿对受渗沥液污染土壤中的氮素转化极其重要,经过紫花苜蓿固氮作用以及对土壤中氮素的吸收作用,能够有效去除土壤中的氨氮和总氮。
关键词:紫花苜蓿;渗沥液;氮素;脲酶
Abstract
In this paper, alfalfa cultivation experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of alfalfa on the translocation and transformation of nitrogen in the soil which is irrigated by different volume of landfill leachate and the migration and transformation of soil nitrogen during phytoremediation. The results showed that the pH, ammonia nitrogen, urease and total nitrogen in the soil were measured, and the results of each index in different soil were analyzed, and the experimental results of the experimental group and the control group were also analyzed.
From the results, firstly, the pH was close to neutral or weakly alkaline due to the cultivation of alfalfa in the soil with low, medium and high landfill leachate levels. Secondly, the urease activity was enhanced in the soil after phytoremediation, because the nitrogen nutrition level in the plant and root environment was improved via the nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and the microbes near the plant roots are active. Thirdly, the ammonia nitrogen was removed in the soil with low, medium and high landfill leachate levels due to the ammonia nitrogen absorption of alfalfa and nitrification. Fourthly, the total nitrogen content was decreased because the ammonia nitrogen and other nitrogen were absorbed by the alfalfa. Finally, the nitrogen content of the alfalfa was increase because the nitrogen of the soil was absorbed by the alfalfa.
It can be seen that alfalfa is extremely important for nitrogen conversion in soil contaminated by landfill leachate, and it can effectively remove ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in soil by nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and its effect on nitrogen absorption in soil.
Key Words:Alfalfa; Leachate; Nitrogen; Urease
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究的目的与意义 1
1.1.1 研究的目的 1
1.1.2 研究的意义 1
1.2 国内外研究状况 2
1.2.1 国内研究状况 2
1.2.2 国外研究状况 2
1.3 研究的内容 3
第2章 材料与方法 4
2.1 实验材料 4
2.2 实验方案 4
2.3 方法及仪器 5
2.4 数据处理与分析 5
第3章 结果与分析 6
3.1 土壤pH 6
3.2 土壤脲酶活性 11
3.3 土壤氨氮 17
3.4 土壤质量总氮 22
3.5 植物含氮量 27
3.6 统计分析 28
第4章 结论 31
参考文献 32
致 谢 34
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的与意义
1.1.1 研究的目的
垃圾填埋场渗沥液是一种高浓度的有机污染物,其中含有各种有害物质。由于现代城市生活垃圾量的迅速增加,我国的填埋场也越来越多,但是由于存在填埋不规范等各种原因导致的渗沥液泄露,会导致周边土壤受到极大的污染,由于这种污染的复杂性,目前研究较多的土壤修复手段是植物修复。本次研究在低、中、高三种程度垃圾渗沥液污染土壤中进行紫花苜蓿种植实验,通过实验测得污染土壤中pH、氨氮、脲酶和总氮的变化。
紫花苜蓿通过根部的根瘤菌的作用固定空气中的游离氮素,能够使土壤肥力提高,也能改善土壤结构[1]。土壤中氮素的存在形式多样,各氮素之间转化途径也很多,各种转化途径之间相互联系,相互影响[2]。本篇论文主要是分析紫花苜蓿对垃圾渗沥液污染土壤中的氮素的影响,并对植物修复过程中氮素的迁移转化规律进行分析;通过紫花苜蓿对垃圾渗沥液污染土壤的影响分析,提出一些可行的垃圾渗沥液污染土壤的修复方法。
1.1.2 研究的意义