菌藻共生体对养殖废水的处理毕业论文
2021-12-21 21:16:31
论文总字数:18280字
摘 要
随着国家经济发展,畜牧业废水未经处理随意排放对环境的影响越来越明显,目前针对此问题的处理方法多种多样。本文利用藻类和菌类互利共生的关系,培养制备出菌藻共生体来处理养猪场废水。首先用菌藻共生体处理不同情况下的养猪场废水形成对比,进而比对菌藻共生体与其他处理剂处理同一废水的效果,最后研究不同接种浓度的菌藻共生体和培养时间对废水中COD含量的影响。
实验结果表明,原始养猪场废水中含有12018 mg/L COD、4649 mg/L BOD5以及68 mg/L NO3-N,未经任何稀释处理接入菌藻共生体培养处理后,COD降为8502 mg/L,BOD5降为2157 mg/L,NO3-N降为18.3 mg/L。对于另一种污水即屠宰场废水,其中含有9733 mg/L的COD和5699 mg/L的BOD5,同样培养处理的时间为10 d,商品除臭剂只能将COD降至8644 mg/L、BOD5降至3595 mg/L,而菌藻共生体可以将COD降至4528 mg/L、BOD5降至1838mg/L,处理效果是商品除臭剂的两倍,说明菌藻共生体相较于其他处理剂可以更为有效地去除废水中的污染物。通过接入0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、5.0%的菌藻共生体培养2 d、4 d、8 d、11 d、24 d后,观察处理同样废水后的COD数值,发现培养不同时间其最佳处理COD的接种浓度不一样,说明实际处理中需要根据培养处理时间的不同来选择接入菌藻共生体的浓度。综上所述,本实验使用的菌藻共生体处理废水的方法有望成为未来处理畜牧业废水方法中较为高效、更为环保的方法。
关键词:养猪场废水;菌藻共生体;培养时间;浓度;对比
Construction of symbiont and its influence on different wastewater properties
Abstract
With the development of national economy, the impact of animal husbandry wastewater without treatment discharge on the environment is more and more obvious. At present, there are many ways to deal with this problem. Which is something that no other ways can do. In this paper, the symbionts of bacteria and algae were cultured and prepared to treat the wastewater of piggery by using the mutually beneficial relationship between algae and bacteria. Firstly, the treatment effect of piggery wastewater in different conditions with symbionts was compared, and then compared the effect of symbionts and other treatment agents on the same wastewater. Finally, the effect of bacterial algal symbionts with different inoculation concentration and culture time on COD content in wastewater was studied.
The experimental results show that the original piggery wastewater without any dilution treatment contains 12018 mg / L COD, 4649 mg / L BOD5 and 68 mg / L NO3-N.After treatment by bacterial algal symbionts, the COD, BOD5 and NO3-N are respectively reduced to 8502 mg / L, 2157 mg / L and 18.3 mg / L. For the other kind of slaughterhouse wastewater, which contains 9733 mg / L COD and 5699 mg / L BOD5.After 10 days, which is the same culture treatment time, the commercial deodorant can only reduce COD to 8644 mg / L and BOD5 to 3595 mg / L, while the bacterial algal symbiont can reduce COD to 4528 mg / L and BOD5 to 1838 mg / L. The treatment effect is twice that of the treatment effect of commercial deodorant, which indicated that compared with other treatment agents, the bacterial algal symbiont can more effectively remove pollutants from wastewater. After 2, 4, 8, 11 and 24 days of incubation with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 5.0% symbionts, then observed the COD value of the same wastewater. It was found that the optimal concentration of COD treatment was different after different times of incubation, which indicated that the concentration of bacterial algal symbionts should be selected according to the different incubation time. To sum up, the method of using the bacterial algal symbionts to treat wastewater in this experiment is expected to be a more efficient and more environmentally friendly method in the future.
KeyWords: Piggery wastewater; Bacteria and algae Symbionts; Culture time; Concentration; Comparison.
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 前言 2
1.1 研究背景 2
1.2 养猪场废水的概述 2
1.2.1 废水中的氮 3
1.2.2 废水中的抗生素 3
1.3 目前国内养猪场废水的处理方法 3
1.4 藻类在废水处理中的运用 4
1.4.1 藻类介绍 4
1.4.2 藻类处理废水的优点 5
1.4.3 微藻技术 5
1.5 菌藻共生体 6
1.5.1 菌藻共生体研究现状 6
1.5.2 影响菌藻共生体生长的因素 6
1.6 血红密孔菌介绍 7
1.6.1 血红密孔菌的背景 7
1.6.2 白腐真菌的应用 8
第二章 实验材料及方法 9
2.1 实验仪器及设备 9
2.2 实验方法 10
2.2.1 前期准备 10
2.2.2 生长曲线的建立 12
第三章 实验数据分析 14
3.1 不同方式处理废水后各项数值的对比 14
3.1.1 COD和BOD5数值分析 14
3.1.2 NH3-N数值分析 15
3.1.3 NO3-N和TP数值分析 16
3.2 共生体与除臭剂的对比实验 16
3.3 不同浓度的菌藻共生体对于废水COD 的影响 17
第四章 实验结论及展望 19
参考文献 20
致谢 22
第一章 前言
1.1 研究背景
随着现代社会的飞速发展和人民对于美好生活需求的增长,各类废水的处理问题也成为当下的一大问题。而作为国家最基础的产业养殖畜牧业,产业的飞速发展带来巨大利益的同时,产业生产所产生的废水排放基本未经过专业处理就随意排放,高浓度的有机物、悬浮物、N、P等物质[1]是其中的主要污染物,未经降解处理就排出对环境造成了较大的影响,导致环境污染严重,水质等发生改变。
据估计,猪的年平均粪尿产量为2.5 t。每年在1万头密集的养猪场,至少有3万吨废物被倒入环境中。养猪场废水中含有高浓度的有机物质SS和NH3此外,它还含有病毒和原生动物病原体,可在动物和人类中引起疾病。目前养猪厂普遍存在的问题是,养殖户以农民居多,没有充足的养殖知识,严重缺乏环保意识,导致他们只看眼前的发展并未考虑到后期的一系列问题故而随意排放废水[2]。由于养殖地点分布广、范围大,相关部门监管也存在一定困难。为了现代养猪业的可持续发展和环境保护,迫切需要一种高效、经济的养猪场废水处理方法。
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