论文总字数：23134字

摘 要

在染料的生产过程中，易产生大量的工业废水。由于废水的含盐度较高，生化比一般远小于0.3，可生物降解性差，目前常规的处理工艺如燃烧法等又易对环境造成极大的污染且存在种种缺陷，而纳滤工艺的出现则给高浓度含盐染料废水的深度处理带来了希望。

本课题提出采用NaCl和Na₂SO₄两种盐与甲基橙（MO）、中性红（NR）和碱性品红（FB）三种染料混合组成模拟的含盐染料废水进行实验研究，盐含量分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、5%、10%，在染料浓度为100mg/L、跨膜压差为0.6MPa、膜面流速为1.6m/s的操作条件下开展无机陶瓷纳滤膜对含NaCl（Na₂SO₄）染料废水纳滤分离实验，以探究盐离子价态及浓度、染料种类和低盐、高盐条件对纳滤分离性能的影响。

实验表明，盐浓度是影响溶液电导率的主要因素，而染料浓度对电导率的影响因经多倍稀释可以忽略不计；纳滤膜对盐的截留率表现为NaCl lt; Na₂SO₄，表明纳滤膜对二价离子的截留率比一价离子的要高；纳滤膜对染料的截留率表现为NRgt;MOgt;FB，表明纳滤膜对染料的截留率受分子间作用力影响；纳滤膜对盐的截留率随着盐浓度的增加而降低，当盐浓度大于10%后截留率趋于稳定，基本在5%左右。本课题研究展现了纳滤膜在高含盐废水深度处理中分离染料与无机盐的优越特性。

关键词：染料废水；纳滤膜；截留；离子价态；浓度；

The effect of salt ionic valence and salt concentration in salt water on the performance of nanofiltration

Abstract

In the process of the production of dyes, factories usually produce a lot of industrial waste water.Sometimes because of the wastewater what containing high salinity, biochemical than general far less than 0.3, poor biodegradability, the conventional treatment process such as combustion method and easy to on the environment caused great pollution and there are all kinds of defects, and nanofiltration process to containing high concentration of salt dye wastewater advanced treatment brings hope.

This paper put forward using NaCl and Na₂SO₄ two salt with methyl orange (MO), neutral red (NR) and alkaline red (FB) composed of three kinds of mixed dye simulated salt dye wastewater by experimental study and salt content were 0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、5%、10% in dye concentration of 100mg/L, transmembrane differential pressure is 0.6MPa, membrane surface velocity for 1.6m/s operating conditions of the development of inorganic ceramic nanofiltration membrane of NaCl (Na₂SO₄) dye wastewater by nanofiltration separation experiments, for my target is to explore the salt ion valence and concentration, kinds of dyes and low salt and high salt conditions influence on the separation performance of nanofiltration.

Experimental results show that the salt concentration actually contributes most for the conductance of solution, and effect of dye concentration on the conductivity due to the times dilution negligible; nanofiltration membrane salt rejection performance for NaCl lt; Na₂SO₄ indicating that nanofiltration membrane of divalent ions retention rate than monovalent ions to high; nanofiltration membrane of dye retention rate performance for FBgt;MOgt;NR that nanofiltration membrane of relatively high molecular weight dye retention rate is higher; When salt concentration increased, at the same time,however nanofiltration membrane salt rejection rate is decreasing, when the salt concentration is greater than 10% interception rate tends to be stable at around 5%. The research shows the superior characteristics of nanofiltration of dyes and inorganic salts in depth in the treatment of wastewater with high salinity.

Key word: dye wastewater; nanofiltration membrane; interception; ion valence; concentration;

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 染料废水处理技术研究现状 2

1.2.1 生物化学法 2

1.2.2 物理化学法 2

1.3 纳滤膜分离技术 3

1.3.1 纳滤膜概述 3

1.3.2 纳滤膜传质机理和模型 4

1.3.3 纳滤膜应用现状 4

1.4 纳滤处理含盐染料废水影响因素 6

1.4.1 膜特性 6

1.4.2 溶质特性 7

1.4.3 溶剂特性 7

1.4.4 操作参数 8

1.5 课题研究意义及内容 8

1.5.1 课题研究意义 9

1.5.4 课题研究内容及手段 9

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 实验试剂及仪器 10

2.2 实验方法 10

2.3 分析方法 11

第三章 实验结果与分析 12

3.1 空白实验 12

3.2 染料种类对纳滤性能的影响 14

3.2.1染料与吸光度及标准曲线确定 15

3.2.2 染料种类的影响 16

3.3 盐离子价态及浓度对纳滤性能的影响 18

3.3.1 盐与电导率及标准曲线确定 19

3.3.2 盐离子价态及浓度的影响 21

3.4 低盐、高盐领域纳滤分离性能研究 22

第四章 总结与展望 23

4.1 总结 23

4.2 展望 24

参考文献 25

致谢 28

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：23134字