火电行业多污染物控制的成本效益研究毕业论文
2021-12-25 15:17:53
论文总字数:22854字
摘 要
目前,我国大气环境污染严重,火电行业的快速发展引起的煤炭大量消耗是造成空气质量下降的主要原因。我国出台了一系列政策来限制火电行业的污染物排放,火电厂纷纷加大环境投入,但不断攀升的环境成本也加重了火电厂的经济压力。本研究首先简单介绍了我国火电行业污染物排放现状,目前广泛应用的脱硫、脱硝、除尘工艺的技术原理和应用现状,国内外火电行业污染治理成本和效益研究现状。然后建立了火电行业多污染物控制的环保设施成本效益计算模型。环境成本主要考虑环保设施的初始投资成本和运维成本,环境效益主要考虑健康效益,农业效益和材料减损效益等。最后基于本文建立的成本效益计算模型,估算了火电行业多污染控制不同技术组合的成本和效益。研究结果表明火电行业二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟尘的平均吨污染物脱除成本分别为2816.8元、3307.8元、3648.0元,吨污染物减排所带来的环境效益分别为8900元、8892元、12702元。
关键词:火电行业 污染治理成本 环境效益 成本效益分析
The development of Environment for NC Simulation system based on the solid modelling
Abstract
At present, the air pollution in our country is serious, the coal consumption caused by the rapid development of thermal power industry is the main reason for the decline of air quality. China has issued a series of policies to limit the emission of pollutants in the thermal power industry, and thermal power plants have increased their environmental investment, but the increasing environmental cost has also increased the economic pressure of thermal power plants. Firstly, this study introduces the current situation of pollutant emission in China's thermal power industry, the technical principles and application status of desulfurization, denitration and dust removal processes which are widely used at present, and the research status of cost and benefit of pollutant treatment in thermal power industry at home and abroad. Then the cost-benefit calculation model of environmental protection facilities for multi pollutant control in thermal power industry is established. The environmental cost mainly considers the initial investment cost and operation cost of environmental protection facilities, and the environmental benefit mainly considers the health benefit, agricultural benefit and material loss benefit. Finally, based on the cost-benefit calculation model established in this paper, the cost and benefit of different technology combinations of multi pollution control in thermal power industry are estimated. The results show that the average cost of removal of SO2, NOx and TSP in thermal power industry is 2816.8 yuan, 3307.8 yuan and 3648.0 yuan respectively, and the environmental benefits brought by emission reduction of per ton pollutants are 8900 yuan, 8892 yuan and 12702 yuan respectively.
Key Words: Thermal power industry; environmental costs; environmental benefit; Cost benefit analysis
目 录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 中国大气污染及能源消耗现状 1
1.1.2 我国火电行业大气污染物排放情况及其危害 2
1.1.3 我国燃煤电厂环保设施应用现状及简介 4
1.2 国内外研究现状 7
1.2.1 火电行业污染治理成本研究现状 7
1.2.1 环保设施成本效益综合评价研究现状 8
1.3 研究意义 9
1.4 研究内容及方法 10
1.4.1 研究内容 10
1.4.2 技术路线图 11
第二章 火电行业污染治理成本效益计算模型 12
2.1 污染治理成本计算模型 12
2.2 污染物产生量及排放量 13
2.2.1 二氧化硫产生量及排放量计算方法 13
2.2.2 氮氧化物产生量及排放量计算方法 13
2.2.3 烟尘产生量及排放量计算方法 14
第三章 火电行业污染物治理成本核算 15
3.1 脱硫技术的成本 15
3.2 脱硝技术的成本 17
3.3 除尘技术的成本 20
3.4 与其他研究的对比分析 22
3.5 不同技术组合污染治理成本 23
第四章 火电行业环境效益 25
4.1 火电行业大气污染物的危害 25
4.2 火电行业污染治理环境效益核算 25
第五章 结论与展望 28
参考文献 29
致谢 32
第一章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.1.1 中国大气污染及能源消耗现状
根据《中国生态环境状况公报》,2018年,全国338个城市中,121个城市环境空气质量达标,仅占35.8%。7个城市优良天数比例为100%,186个城市优良天数比例在80%~100%之间,120个城市优良天数比例在50%~80%之间,25个城市优良天数比例低于50%[1],具体情况如图1-1、图1-2所示。
图1-1 2018年我国城市空气质量达标情况
请支付后下载全文,论文总字数:22854字