论文总字数：22188字

摘 要

我国经济的稳定发展需要大量的石油供应，使用注入水抬高多年开采而下降的原油液面，油田采出液中水所占的比例逐年上升,原油与水分离后，产生了大量溶解许多盐类物质的高盐废水，在运输传送、存储处理等过程中易对设备造成严重的腐蚀,影响安全生产。使用缓蚀剂能有效地抑制或减缓高盐水质环境下金属的腐蚀速度。因此本文针对高盐废水中N80碳钢的缓蚀剂筛选展开了研究，结果表明，吡啶季铵盐型缓蚀剂A和B以及有机胺缓蚀剂C对于高盐废水中N80碳钢的缓蚀率分别为86.51%、84.58%和81.45%。短时间内缓蚀剂A的缓蚀作用效果比缓蚀剂B的效果要好，而缓蚀剂B则具有更长效的保护时间。缓蚀剂A浓度变化对缓蚀率影响较小，都保持在85%以上；随缓蚀剂B浓度的增加，缓蚀率整体展现出向上升高的趋势，由70.6%提高至91.08%；缓蚀剂C的缓蚀率随浓度的增高先上升后下降，最高可达88.26%。缓蚀剂A在较大流速下性能远强于B剂。缓蚀剂A、B、C三者之间的复配缓蚀效果较差，只有缓蚀剂A B复配时缓蚀率比单独使用时略有提高。

关键词：工业废水 高盐废水 缓蚀剂 碳钢

Screening and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for high-salt wastewater in oil fields

Abstract

The stable development of China's economy requires a large supply of oil. The use of injected water to raise the level of crude oil that has been reduced for many years of mining, the proportion of water in the oilfield production fluid has increased year by year. After the separation of crude oil and water, a large amount of dissolved salt is produced. The high-salt wastewater of the substance is likely to cause serious corrosion to the equipment during transportation, storage and storage, and affects safe production. The use of corrosion inhibitors can effectively inhibit or slow the corrosion rate of metals in high brine environments. Therefore, this paper studies the corrosion inhibitor screening of N80 carbon steel in high-salt wastewater. The results show that the quaternary ammonium salt type corrosion inhibitors A and B and the organic amine corrosion inhibitor C are slow for N80 carbon steel in high-salt wastewater. The corrosion rates were 86.51%, 84.58% and 81.45%, respectively. Corrosion inhibitor A has better corrosion inhibition effect than corrosion inhibitor B in a short time, while corrosion inhibitor B has longer protection time. The change of corrosion inhibitor A concentration has little effect on the corrosion inhibition rate, and it is kept above 85%. With the increase of corrosion inhibitor B concentration, the corrosion inhibition rate shows an upward trend, increasing from 70.6% to 91.08%. The corrosion inhibition rate of etchant C increases first and then decreases with the increase of concentration, and the highest can reach 88.26%. Corrosion inhibitor A performs much better than the B agent at higher flow rates. The corrosion inhibition effect between the corrosion inhibitors A, B and C is poor. Only when the corrosion inhibitor A B is compounded, the corrosion inhibition rate is slightly higher than that when used alone.

Key Words: Industrial waste；High Salinity Wastewater；corrosion inhibitor；carbon steel

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 综述 1

1.1 油田高盐废水问题现状 1

1.2 缓蚀剂的发展研究现状 1

1.2.1 缓蚀剂的分类 1

1.2.2 无机缓蚀剂 2

1.2.3 有机类缓蚀剂 6

1.2.4 复配缓蚀剂 7

1.3 实验内容与目的 9

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 主要原料、试剂及仪器 10

2.2 溶液配制 11

2.3 电化学工作电极的制作 11

2.4 实验方法 12

2.4.1 电化学法 12

2.4.2 静态失重法 13

2.4.3 旋转挂片失重法 15

第三章 实验结果与讨论 16

3.1 缓蚀剂的初步筛选 16

3.1.1 电化学法 16

3.1.2 失重法 18

3.2 优选缓蚀剂性能探究 19

3.2.1 七日静置挂片试验 19

3.2.2 不同浓度对缓蚀效果的影响 20

3.2.3 转速对缓蚀速率的影响 22

3.3 复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果研究 24

3.3.1 复配缓蚀剂A B的缓蚀效果 24

3.3.2 复配缓蚀剂A C的缓蚀效果 24

3.3.3 复配缓蚀剂B C的缓蚀效果 25

3.3.4 复配缓蚀剂A B C的缓蚀效果 26

第四章 结论与展望 27

4.1 结论 27

4.2 展望 27

参考文献 28

致谢 32

第一章 综述

1.1油田高盐废水问题现状

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