城镇污水生物处理技术

摘要：随着城市的发展和人民生活水平的提高，城市污水排放量日益增大，且污水成分日趋复杂，迫切需要适应各地经济发展和环境保护目标的污水处理技术。生物法是目前应用广泛、处理效果好而且经济的一种水处理的方法，本文介绍了处理城市污水的活性污泥法及其AB工艺、A/O工艺、氧化沟工艺、SBR法及其改良工艺，比较了各种工艺的优缺点，并对组合技术处理城市污水进行了展望。

关键词 : 城镇污水；活性污泥法；展望

Town sewage biological treatment technology

Abstract :With the development of the city and the improvement of people#8217;s living standards, the amount of sewage discharged from the city is increasing day by day, and the composition of the sewage is becoming more and more complex. It is imperative that sewage treatment technologies that meet the economic development and environmental protection goals of various regions be urgently needed. Biological method is a kind of water treatment method which is widely used nowadays, and has good treatment effect and economy. This article describes the activated sludge method and its AB process, A/O process, oxidation ditch process, SBR method and its improvement for treating urban sewage. Processes, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various processes, and the prospects for the combination of technologies for the treatment of urban sewage.

Keywords :Town sewage ; Activated sludge process；Outlook

1 引言

中国是世界上淡水资源严重缺乏的国家，被列为世界13个最缺水国家之一，全国600多个城市中大约1/2的城市缺水，75％的湖泊出现了不同程度的富营养化，90％的城市水域污染严重，南方城市总缺水量的60％-70％是由于水污染造成的^【1】。氮和磷是引起水体富营养化的重要物质。废水中排放的氮磷会导致水体的富营养化，引起藻类的过量生长。富营养化的水体含有大量的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，长期饮用会严重地危害人体健康。因此，城市污水的脱氮除磷处理成为当今污水处理的研究热点。

2 城市污水的来源及特点