水合氧化镧的研制及其除磷性能的实验研究毕业论文
2020-07-03 23:47:23
摘 要
水体的富营养化是最严重的环境问题之一。吸附法因为具有高效低耗、操作简单等优点而被广泛运用。本论文研究的内容是:水和氧化镧的合成,以及其吸附磷的性能。通过一系列实验,评价吸附剂的吸附性能。通过实验,我们发现随着温度升高,水合氧化镧对磷的吸附量也在变大,但升高温度并不能明显提高水合氧化镧的吸附性能。随着pH增大,水合氧化镧吸附磷的效果变差,pH在3左右时,水合氧化镧去除磷酸盐的效果最好。随着时间的推移,水合氧化镧吸附磷的吸附量越来越大,在14h达到吸附平衡。实验结果表明,水合氧化镧对废水中的磷有较好的吸附选择性,能吸附处理含有大量共生竞争离子的含磷废水。增大NaOH的投加量,水合氧化镧吸附磷的脱附率明显增大。当NaOH投加量达到4mol/L时,脱附率趋于稳定,平均达到95%以上。此外,脱附后的水合氧化镧吸附剂依然保持较好的吸附磷性能,再吸附率平均可以达到98%。说明水合氧化镧拥有非常出色的再生能力,并且再生后依然可以保持高吸附性能。
关键词:水合氧化镧、除磷 、吸附 、再生
Preparation of Hydrazine Oxide and Experimental Study on Phosphorus Removal Performance
Abstract
The eutrophication of water bodies is one of the most serious environmental issues. Adsorption is widely used due to its advantages such as high efficiency, low consumption, and simple operation. The contents of this paper are: the synthesis of water and yttrium oxide, and the performance of phosphorus adsorption. Through a series of experiments, the adsorbent's adsorption performance was evaluated. Through experiments, we found that as the temperature rises, the amount of phosphorus in the hydrated yttrium oxide increases, but the increase in temperature does not significantly improve the adsorption performance of hydrated yttrium oxide. With the increase of pH, the effect of hydrated cerium oxide on the adsorption of phosphorus becomes worse. When the pH is about 3, hydrated cerium oxide has the best effect of removing phosphate. With the passage of time, the adsorption of phosphorus by hydrated cerium oxide increased and the adsorption equilibrium was reached at 14 h. The experimental results show that hydration yttrium oxide has good adsorption selectivity for phosphorus in wastewater, and can treat phosphorus-containing wastewater containing a large number of symbiotic competing ions. Increasing the amount of NaOH added, the desorption rate of phosphorus absorbed by hydrated cerium oxide increased significantly. When the NaOH dosage reaches 4 mol/L, desorption rate tends to be stable, with an average of more than 95%. In addition, the desorption hydrated cerium oxide sorbent still maintains good phosphorus adsorption performance, and the re-adsorption rate can reach 98% on average. It shows that the hydrated cerium oxide has very good regenerative capacity and can still maintain high adsorption performance after regeneration.
Key words: Hydrazine oxide hydrate, phosphorus removal, adsorption, regeneration.
目录
摘要 2
Abstract 3
第一章 前言 5
1.1水体含磷引发的环境问题 5
1.2目前常用的废水除磷方法 7
1.2.1化学法除磷 7
1.2.2生物法除磷 8
1.2.3吸附法除磷 8
1.3吸附法除磷的研究进展 9
1.3.1除磷吸附剂的分类 9
1.3.2吸附剂发展现状 10
1.4水合氧化镧 10
1.5本论文写作目的 11
第二章 实验部分 11
2.1实验设备和药品 11
2.2实验方案 12
2.2.1水合氧化镧的合成 12
2.2.2磷储备液的配制 13
2.2.3显色剂的配制及吸光度的测定 13
2.2.4等温吸附实验 14
2.2.5 pH吸附实验 14
2.2.6 动力学吸附实验 14
2.2.7 竞争吸附实验 15
2.2.8 脱附再吸附实验 15
2.3分析与计算 16
2.3.1 磷的标准曲线 16
2.3.2 吸附剂的表征 16
2.3.3吸附量的计算 17
第三章 实验结果与分析 18
3.1吸附剂的表征 18
3.2等温吸附实验 19
3.3 pH吸附实验 21
3.4 吸附动力学实验 22
3.5 竞争吸附实验 24
3.6 脱附实验 26
第四章 总结与问题 28
4.1 总结 28
4.2 存在的问题 29
参考文献 30
致谢 33
第一章 前言
1.1水体含磷引发的环境问题
生活水平的提高,让人类在生活中产生了大量的废弃物。而这些废弃物中含有大量的营养物质,随后以生活污水或工业污水的形式进入水体,从而导致水体出现各种环境问题,比如水体富营养化。
水体营养物质含量过多会导致藻类疯狂繁殖,大量消耗水中的溶解氧,从而威胁到水生生物的生存,引发水质恶化,最后影响到人类自己[1]。水体的富营养化已经发展为一个越来越严重的环境问题。水体的富营养化有很多方面的原因,但最重要的因素是营养物质过多,比如氮、磷等[2]。磷在导致水体营养化的问题中起了很大的作用[3]。因此,只有处理好废水中的磷,才能从根本上解决这个问题。
水中含磷过量的影响:
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