论文总字数：21831字

摘 要

“恶臭扰民”现象逐渐成为阻碍化工产业发展的主要原因之一，本课题就某化工企业污水站运行过程中产生的挥发性以及恶臭废气的问题，对该企业污水站废气治理工程进行设计。

本文主要针对该污水处理流程产生废气的组成成分及浓度的不同而选择不同的处理工艺，通过比较选择，结合该污水站的实际情况，确定本课题工艺设计方案选用“吸收塔 活性炭吸附 光催化氧化”组合工艺。

首先水解酸化池、污泥浓缩池等产生的硫化氢、氨气的等废气通过酸洗除雾塔、碱洗除雾塔分别洗涤去除，可将硫化氢从进气的14.8mg/m³去除到出气的1.48 mg/m³，将氨气从进气的2.8 mg/m³去除到出气的0.28 mg/m³，去除率达90%左右。

预处理后的废气与A池、O池等产生的废气并入废气总管，采用水洗除雾塔去除部分非甲烷总烃，去除效率为20%左右。废气再通过活性炭吸附箱，可由进气32.16 mg/m³到出气12.86 mg/m³，去除率达60%左右。通过微波光解装置进行深度处理，将浓度由12.86 mg/m³削减为5.14 mg/m³，去除效率约60%。同时，该装置还对臭气浓度有较高去除能力，去除率达78%左右。

最后设碱洗除雾塔洗涤催化氧化后有机硫和有机氯变成的SO_x、HCl等酸性气体，最后通过烟囱排入大气。

本设计依据GB14554《恶臭污染物排放标准》：H₂S 0.06 kg/h；NH₃ 0.6 kg/h；非甲烷总烃 80mg/m³；臭气浓度 1000 无量纲。

关键词：恶臭扰民 污水站废气 洗涤 活性炭吸附 光催化氧化

The design of waste gas treatment process in a sewage station of a chemical enterprise

Abstract

"Stink disturbing people" has gradually become one of the main reasons hindering the development of chemical industry. In this paper, the design of waste gas treatment project of sewage station in a chemical enterprise was discussed on the issues of volatility and odor waste gas produced in the operation of the sewage station.

In this paper, different treatment processes were selected for different components and concentrations of waste gas produced by different structures in the enterprise. Select by comparison, combined with the actual situation of the sewage station, the combination process of "absorption tower amp; activated carbon adsorption amp; photodegradation catalytic oxidation" is selected for the process design of this project.

Firstly, the waste gas such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia produced by hydrolysis acidification tank and sludge concentration tank were washed and removed by acid pickling demisting tower and alkali washing demisting tower respectively. It could remove hydrogen sulfide from 14.8mg/m³ of inlet gas to 1.48mg/m³ of outlet gas, and ammonia from 2.8mg/m³ of inlet gas to 0.28mg/m³ of outlet gas. The removal rate was about 90%.

The pretreated waste gas and the waste gas from tank a and tank o were incorporated into the waste gas main pipe, and some non methane total hydrocarbon were removed by water washing demisting tower with the removal efficiency of about 20%. After the waste gas passes through the activated carbon adsorption tank, it could be removed from 32.16 mg/m³ of inlet gas to 12.86 mg/m³ of outlet gas, and the removal rate was about 60%. The concentration was reduced from 12.86 mg/m³ to 5.14 mg/m³, and the removal efficiency was about 60%. At the same time, the device also has a high removal capacity for odor concentration, and the removal rate was about 78%.

Finally, the acid gases such as Sox, HCl, etc., which were formed by organic sulfur and organic chlorine after catalytic oxidation, are washed in the alkali washing demisting tower, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney.

The design was based on the draft standard of GB14554: H₂S 0.06 kg/h; NH₃ 0.6 kg/h; non methane total hydrocarbon 80 mg/m³; odor concentration 1500 dimensionless.

Key words: Fetid nuisance ; Waste gas from sewage station ; Wash ; Activated carbon adsorption ; Photocatalytic oxidation

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 污水站臭气主要成分、来源及危害 1

1.2.1 污水站臭气的主要来源 1

1.2.2 污水站臭气的主要成分 1

1.2.3 污水站臭气的危害 2

1.3 恶臭气体处理现状 2

1.3.1 吸附法 2

1.3.2 吸收法 2

1.3.3 生物法 3

1.3.4 燃烧法 3

1.3.5 低温等离子体技术 4

1.3.6 光催化氧化 4

第二章 设计任务说明 5

2.1 设计任务 5

2.2 设计风量及源强 5

2.3 设计出气指标 6

2.4 设计目标 7

第三章 工艺流程说明 8

3.1 工艺选择 8

3.2 工艺流程 9

第四章 设计与计算 10

4.1 吸附器选择 10

4.1.1 吸附器的类别 10

4.1.2 吸附剂的选择 12

4.1.3 空塔气速、横截面积 12

4.1.4 吸附床的高度 12

4.1.5 活性炭用量计算 13

4.1.6 床层压降计算 13

4.2 吸收塔的设计计算 14

4.2.1 填料种类的选择 14

4.2.2 液体分布装置 15

4.2.2 物料衡算与操作线方程 17

4.2.3 塔径的计算 18

4.2.4 喷淋密度 19

4.2.5 填料层高度的计算 20

4.2.6 填料层阻力 20

4.3 冷凝器的选择 20

4.4 微波光解装置的设计 21

4.4.1 微波灯管的设计 21

4.4.2 微波紫外线光触媒复合模块 21

4.5 管道系统的设计 22

4.5.1 管径的选择 22

4.5.2 管道内气体的压力损失 23

4.6 风机和电机的选择 24

4.6.1 风量计算 24

4.6.2 风压计算 24

4.6.3 电机选择 25

4.7 平面管道布置 25

第五章 投资与运行费用核算 26

5.1 工程造价 26

5.2 运行费用核算 27

第六章 结论与展望 28

6.1 结论 28

6.2 展望 29

参考文献 30

致谢 32

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