MgFe-LDH改性聚苯乙烯材料吸附水中磷酸盐的实验研究毕业论文
2021-12-20 20:28:47
论文总字数:18882字
摘 要
众所周知,过量的磷排放会造成水体富营养化,从而使水生态系统退化。目前已有多种技术被应用于水体磷酸盐的去除,在各种除磷技术中,吸附法由于具有高效、易操作的特点被认为是最具潜力的除磷方法之一。层状双金属氢氧化物具有特殊的层状结构和理化性质,在吸附除磷方面具有较大潜力,但该材料的粉末状态使其作为吸附剂处理水溶液时不易与溶液分离。本论文通过共沉淀法将镁铁层状氢氧化物(Mg/Fe LDH)负载到大颗粒的D201树脂上制备新型纳米复合材料MgFe-201,并从吸附温度、pH值、动力学、竞争离子和吸附脱附多个角度探究MgFe-201对水中磷酸盐的吸附效果。实验数据表明:温度的升高有利于该材料对磷酸盐的吸附,但升温对吸附的促进效果不显著;该材料在溶液pH为6至7时的吸附效果最佳;在该材料接触溶液4小时后能达到吸附平衡;该材料在竞争离子SO42-,Cl-的存在下,仍有较高的吸附性能;用NaOH溶液和氯化钠溶液对吸附饱和后的树脂进行脱附再生实验,再次对再生后的MgFe-201进行吸附实验,发现吸附量于首次吸附变化不大,说明该吸附剂可以很好的进行再生并二次使用。以上实验结果表明MgFe-201具有较好的实际应用潜力。
关键词:吸附 MgFe-201 除磷 再生
Experimental study on the adsorption of phosphate from water by MgFe LDH modified polystyrene
Abstract
It is well known that excessive phosphorus discharge will lead to eutrophication of the water body and degradation of the water ecosystem. At present, many technologies have been used to remove phosphate from water. Among them, adsorption is considered as one of the most potential methods because of its high efficiency and easy operation. Layered double hydroxides have a special layered structure and physical and chemical properties, and have great potential in the adsorption and phosphorus removal, but the powder state of the material makes it difficult to separate from the solution when it is used as an adsorbent to treat aqueous solution. In this paper, MgFe-201 nanocomposite material was prepared by co-precipitation of MgFe layered hydroxide (Mg/Fe LDH) onto D201 resin with large particles. The adsorption effect of phosphate on MgFe-201 in water was studied from adsorption temperature, pH value, kinetics, competitive ions, and adsorption-desorption. The experimental data show that the increase of temperature is beneficial to the adsorption of phosphate by the material, but the effect of the increase of temperature is not significant; the adsorption effect of the material is the best when the pH of the solution is 6 to 7; the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved after the material contacts the solution for 4 hours; the material shows higher selectivity than D201 resin in the presence of competitive ions SO42-, Cl-, NaOH solution, and chlorination Sodium solution was used to desorb and regenerate the resin after adsorption saturation, and then to adsorb the regenerated MgFe-201. It was found that the adsorption amount did not change much in the first adsorption, which indicated that the adsorbent could be regenerated well and reused. The above experimental results show that MgFe-201 has good practical application potential.
Keywords: adsorption; MgFe-201; phosphate removal; regenerate
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 前言 1
1.1 水体中磷酸盐污染的来源及影响 1
1.2 水体除磷技术概况 2
1.2.1 AP/O除磷工艺 2
1.2.2 PhoStrip侧流除磷工艺 2
1.2.3 混凝沉淀法 2
1.2.4 离子交换法 3
1.2.5 结晶法 3
1.2.6 吸附法 3
1.3 层状金属复合物除磷吸附剂 4
1.4 MgFe-LDH吸附剂 5
1.5 本论文的意义 5
第二章 实验部分 6
2.1 实验试剂及仪器 6
2.2 实验方法 7
2.2.1 MgFe-201的制备 7
2.2.2 磷溶液的配制 7
2.2.3 钼蓝显色剂的配制 7
2.2.4 吸附等温实验 7
2.2.5 吸附动力学实验 8
2.2.6 pH对吸附效果的影响实验 8
2.2.7 竞争离子对吸附效果的影响实验 9
2.2.8 吸附剂脱附实验 9
2.3 分析及计算 10
2.3.1 水中磷的测定方法 10
2.3.2 标准曲线绘制 10
2.3.3 吸附剂的表征 11
2.3.4 吸附量的计算 11
第三章 结果与讨论 12
3.1 吸附剂的表征 12
3.2 吸附等温实验 13
3.3 吸附动力学实验 16
3.4 pH对吸附效果的影响实验 17
3.5 竞争离子对吸附效果的影响实验 18
3.6 吸附剂脱附实验 18
第四章 结论与展望 20
4.1 结论 20
4.2 展望 20
参考文献 21
致谢 24
第一章 前言
1.1 水体中磷酸盐污染的来源及影响
近年来,水体的富营养化现象日益严重,导致越来越多的水源被污染,其主要原因就是水体中磷氮含量的增加。水体中磷的来源途径复杂且众多,污染源一般有如下两种分类:外源污染源和内源污染源,其中外源污染源又分为点源和面源,水中磷的来源以点源为主。点源主要包括生活污水、工业废水、农业排水和固体废物处理所产生的废水[1]。内源污染源主要是指底泥及沉积物,其中的内源性磷可在一定的条件下向水体释放,形成磷的二次污染[2]。
在水中,各类生物的存活依赖彼此的同时,又限制彼此,生态系统一直以一种稳定和动态平衡的状态传递能量,完成物质交换[3]。当水中含有过量的营养物质,比如磷,就会破坏这种状态。水体营养物质过多,首先导致藻类疯狂繁殖,当藻类覆盖着整个水面,遮挡住阳光,水下就很难完成光合作用,直接降低了水体的含氧量;除此之外,为了分解沉到水底的死亡藻类,就必须消耗水体中氧气,所以水面以下就一直处于缺氧状态,严重威胁到水生生物的生存,破坏了生态平衡[4]。
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