论文总字数：16647字

摘 要

随着化石能源等不可再生资源的消耗，与之而来的能源短缺和环境污染问题已引起世界范围内的关注。采用半导体材料光催化分解水产氢技术，具有能在充足的太阳光照射下直接无污染的从水中催化产生氢气的优势，成为了前沿科学领域。近年来，g-C₃N₄作为可见光催化剂，被广泛报道。同其他单组份催化剂一样，单一的g-C₃N₄电子空穴复合率较高，导致其催化活性较低。SrTiO₃作为钙钛矿金属氧化物半导体，具有独特的物理化学性能，其在紫外光下催化分解水产氢量子效率高，但是不具有可见光吸收性能。

本工作通过g-C₃N₄改性SrTiO₃发现g-C₃N₄/SrTiO₃复合材料在可见光催化产氢反应中表现出较高的催化活性。主要原因如下：g-C₃N₄/SrTiO₃复合光催化剂有利于g-C₃N₄包裹SrTiO₃表面，相比于SrTiO₃，可见光吸收范围增加；同时，g-C₃N₄与SrTiO₃之间强烈的相互作用促进了光生电子空穴的分离。本工作的研究可为开发合成高效的可见光催化剂提供了理论基础。

关键词： g-C₃N₄ 钛酸锶 g-C₃N₄/钛酸锶 光触媒 水解制H₂

Photocatalytic hydrolysis of hydrogen

Abstract

With the consumption of non-renewable fossil resources, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become serious problems attracting worldwide attention. As a possible solution, photocatalytic decomposition of water to obtain aquatic hydrogen with semiconductor materials has become a frontier field of science research, because this technology is clean and can use sunlight directly。In recent years, g-C₃N₄ has been widely reported as a promising visible light catalyst. However, the high recombination of electron-hole pairs in this material always leads to a low photocatalytic activity. In the meanwhile, as a perovskite metal oxide semiconductor, SrTiO₃ has unique physical and chemical properties for catalyzing water decomposition with high quantum efficiency under ultraviolet light, but on the other hand, SrTiO₃ is not able to absorb visible light.

In this study, a composite was prepared by modifying SrTiO₃ with g-C₃N₄/SrTiO₃. This composite exhibited high activity under visible light in catalyzing water decomposition to produce hydrogen. Possible reasons for this phenomenon could be that the absorption range of visible light increased with g-C₃N₄ coating the surface of SrTiO₃. At the same time, separation of photo generated electron holes increased with the strong interaction between g-C₃N₄ and SrTiO₃. Conclusions obtained in this work could provide a theoretical basis for the development of an efficient synthetic visible light catalyst.

Key words:g-C₃N₄; SrTiO_3;g-C₃N₄/SrTiO_3; photocatalyst; water splitting to H₂

目录

摘要 2

Abstract 3

第一章 绪论 5

1.1光催化剂的简介 5

1.1.1g-C₃N₄的简介 5

1.1.2SrTiO₃的简介 5

1.2光催化剂水解制氢的研究价值 6

1.3研究历程 7

1.3.1过去的研究人员对光催化剂的研究成果和方向 7

1.3.2现阶段g-C₃N₄与SrTiO₃的研究成果和方向 9

1.4复合的意义 11

第二章 实验部分 12

2.1实验需要用到的药品及其基本信息 12

2.2实验需要用到的仪器及其基本信息 12

2.3实验制备的细节 13

2.3.1g-C₃N₄的制备 13

2.3.2SrTiO₃的制备 13

2.3.3g-C₃N₄与SrTiO₃的复合方法 13

2.4光催化活性测定 14

2.4.1光催化活性测定仪器 14

2.4.2催化性能测试的要点及步骤 14

第三章 结果与讨论 16

3.1XRD(X射线衍射表征) 16

3.2UV-vis Diffuse spectra（紫外可见漫反射光谱） 17

3.3光催化活性测试 19

第四章 结论和展望 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

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