摘 要

量子点是一种受欢迎的新型半导体材料，而石墨相氮化碳量子点是一种具有优良性质的量子点。为了得到荧光性能较好、量子产率较高的氮化碳量子点，本实验采用低温固相法合成氮化碳量子点。该方法以柠檬酸三钠为碳源，尿素为氮源，并且反应温度较低，便于制备。之后用纯化后的量子点修饰玻碳电极，利用电化学工作站、超微弱发光探测仪对电极进行表征，探究不同规格的氮化碳量子点在电化学生物传感器中的影响，进而合成高产率、高效的氮化碳量子点。此外，还用傅里叶红外光谱仪、荧光光谱仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计、扫描电镜对氮化碳量子点进行表征，探究氮化碳量子点的结构与性质，证明它可以用于光学器件和生物成像领域，并且对比现有的荧光探针，氮化碳量子点有很明显的优势，可以更广泛的应用以生物以及医药领域。

关键词：石墨相氮化碳量子点；电化学发光；生物荧光

Abstract

Quantum dots are popular as a new type of semiconductor material, while graphene carbon nitride quantum dots(g-CNQDs) are quantum dots with excellent properties. In order to obtain carbon nitride quantum dots with good fluorescence performance and high quantum yield, this experiment synthesized carbon nitride quantum dots by low-temperature solid phase method. The method USES trisodium citrate as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source. After that, the purified quantum dots were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode, and the electrode was characterized by electrochemical workstation and ultra-weak luminescence detector, so as to explore the influence of different specifications of carbon nitride quantum dots on electrochemical biosensor, and then the high-yielding and high-efficiency carbon nitride quantum dots were synthesized. In addition, the use of Fourier infrared spectrometer, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (sem) the carbon nitride quantum dots were characterized, and explore the structure and properties of carbon nitride quantum dot, prove that it can be used in optics and biological imaging field, and compared with the existing fluorescent probes, carbon nitride quantum dot has obvious advantages, can be more widely used in biological and medical field.

Key words:g-CNQDs ; Electrochemiluminescence ; Bioluminescence

目录

中文摘要..............................................................................................................................................................I

Abstract................................................................................................................................................................II

1. 绪论........................................................................................................................................................1
   1. 氮化碳量子点简介...............................................................................................................................1
   2. 氮化碳量子点合成方式.......................................................................................................................2

1.2.1金属有机合成法.........................................................................................................................2

1.2.2水相直接合成法.........................................................................................................................3

1.2.3 新型合成方法............................................................................................................................3

1.3 量子点的分类.......................................................................................................................................4

1.4 量子点的物理效应...............................................................................................................................4

1.4.1量子尺寸效应.............................................................................................................................4

1.4.2表面效应.....................................................................................................................................4

1.4.3介电限域效应.............................................................................................................................5

1.4.4量子隧道效应.............................................................................................................................5

1.4.5库仑阻塞效应.............................................................................................................................5

1.5量子点的应用前景................................................................................................................................6

1.5.1生命科学.....................................................................................................................................6

1.5.2半导体器件.................................................................................................................................7

1.6本论文的研究意义及主要研究内容....................................................................................................7

1.6.1研究意义.....................................................................................................................................7

1.6.2主要研究内容.............................................................................................................................8

第2章 石墨相氮化碳量子点的制备及光电性能分析....................................................................................9

2.1 氮化碳量子点的制备...........................................................................................................................9

2.1.1 实验材料及仪器........................................................................................................................9

2.1.2 制备过程................................................................................................................................ .10 2.1.3 不同量的原料对氮化碳量子点的纯度的影响....................................................................................11

2.2 玻碳电极的打磨清洗...........................................................................................................................................11

2.3 铂电极预处理........................................................................................................................................................11

2.4 玻碳电极与量子点的结合...................................................................................................................................12

2.5 对氮化碳量子点的红外、荧光、紫外、SEM、电化学表征........................................................................12

2.5.1 氮化碳量子点的红外表征........................................................................................................................12

2.5.2 氮化碳量子点的荧光表征........................................................................................................................13

2.5.3 氮化碳量子点的紫外表征........................................................................................................................14

2.5.4氮化碳量子点的SEM表征.......................................................................................................................14

2.5.5氮化碳量子点的电化学表征.....................................................................................................................15

第3章结论与展望................................................................................................................................................................17

3.1结论..........................................................................................................................................................................17

3.2展望..........................................................................................................................................................................17

致谢........................................................................................................................................................................................19

参考文献...............................................................................................................................................................................20

第1章 绪论

1.1氮化碳量子点简介

量子点是一种纳米级别的半导体，通过对这种纳米半导体材料施加一定的电场或光压，他们便会发出特定频率的光，而发出光的频率会随着这种半导体的尺寸的改变而变化，因此通过调节这种纳米半导体的尺寸就可以控制其发出的光的颜色，由于这种纳米半导体拥有限制电子和电子空穴的特性，这一特性类似于自然界中的原子或者分子，因而被称为量子点。

量子点是一种重要的低维半导体材料，其三个维度上的尺寸都不大于其对应的半导体材料的激子玻尔半径的两倍。量子点一般为球形或类球形，其直径常在2-20 nm之间。常见的量子点由IV、II-VI、IV-VI或III-V元素组成。具体的例子有硅量子点、锗量子点、硫化镉量子点、硒化镉量子点、碲化镉量子点、硒化锌量子点、硫化铅量子点、硒化铅量子点、磷化铟量子点和砷化铟量子点等。