摘 要

纤维素纳米晶（CNCs），也被称为纤维素晶须，是结晶纤维素的主要来源，使承诺在许多不同的应用程序。本研究的目的是探讨被囊动物为纤维素纳米晶的提取原料的来源（CNCs）在不同的酸水解条件评价其适宜性作为增强剂对纳米复合材料的制造。

将海鞘洗涤后，解剖并去除其内脏器官; 只留海鞘的被囊，然后用5 wt% 的氢氧化钾溶液在80℃下浸泡24h，用去离子水洗至中性，再将其倒人盛有漂白溶液的三口烧瓶中在60℃搅拌漂白6h，每1h补加1次漂白溶夜；上述浸泡漂白步骤重复2次；干燥，粉碎，过筛，就得到了海鞘米晶纤维素。将上述海鞘米晶纤维素和60 wt%的浓流酸按比例混合，并在45℃下搅拌反应，反应1h后稀释，终止反应；通过离心机除去悬浮溶液中过量的酸，然后用水洗涤使其达到中性，再加入蒸馏水使其均匀分散后装入透析袋中透析5天，即可得纤维素纳米晶产品。

关键词：纤维素纳米晶；中试化提取；酸水解

Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), also known as cellulose whiskers, are the main source of crystalline cellulose, which keeps the promise in many different applications. The goal of this study was to explore tunicates as a source of raw material for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in different conditions of acid hydrolysis to evaluate its appropriateness as a strengthening agent for the manufacture of nanocomposites.

In this experiment, tunicate were washed and its internal organs removed , leaving only tunicate capsule and soaked for 24 h in 80 C of 5 wt% potassium hydroxide solution, washing with deionized water to neutral, containing bleach solution on three mouth inverted balloon in 60 C and stirring bleaching 6h. Each time added a fountain solution bleaching, bleaching of the night; repeated step 2 times, drying, grinding, sieving, tunicate microcrystalline cellulose.Tunicates microcrystalline cellulose at 60 wt% concentrated acid was mixed in proportion and in 45 C and stirring reaction, 1 h after dilution reaction was terminated ; the centrifuge to remove suspended solution excess acid, were then washed with water to neutral, adding distilled water to disperse uniformly after 5 days of dialysis into dialysis bags nanocrystalline Cellulose products were obtained.

Keywords: Cellulose nanocrystals, hydrolysis, pilot-scale preparation

Table of Contents

1. Introduction................................................................................................................1

1.1 Cellulose structure...................................................................................................3

1.1.1 The source of the CNCs........................................................................................3

1.1.2 The structure of the CNCs.....................................................................................3

1.1.3Preparation of CNCs.............................................................................................4

2.Extracted CNCs from tunicate in the laboratory........................................................6

2.1Experimental............................................................................................................6

2.1.1 Raw material and main instuments.......................................................................6

2.1.2 Extraction of tunicate cellulose.............................................................................6

2.1.3 Preparation of cellulose from sulfuric acid hydrolysis t-CNCs............................7

2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals characterisation....................................................................8

2.3 Results......................................................................................................................8

2.3.1 Morphological observation (TEM).......................................................................9

2.3.2 FT-IR...................................................................................................................10

2.3.3 Strategy and design of the study..........................................................................10

3. The pilot scale test process design of cellulose nanocrystals...................................11

3.1 Obtaining of cellulose from tunicate...................................................................11

3.2 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals ..................................................................12

3.3The design of acid hydrolysis reactor...................................................................12

3.3.1 The structure design of the tank and jacket........................................................12

3.3.2 Tank geometry calculation.................................................................................12

3.3.3 Geometric dimension calculation of jacket........................................................13

3.4 stirring device for reaction kettle........................................................................ ..14

3.5 Motor type selection.......................................................................................... ...14

3.6 Nozzle selection.....................................................................................................14

1. The waste treatment and safety evaluation of this process.....................................15

4.1 Tunicate.................................................................................................................15

4.1.2 Cellulose nanocrystals........................................................................................15

5. Conclusion...............................................................................................................16

References....................................................................................................................17

Acknowledgment.........................................................................................................19