论文总字数：22733字

摘 要

现在人类的正常生产生活已经被二氧化碳排放过量带来的温室效应等问题所影响。近现代以来，人类在各方面均取得了突飞猛进的发展，人类活动的不断加剧，化石能源使用量也逐年递増，因此产生的CO₂等温室气体也急剧增加。CO₂排放量的增加导致全球范围都出现了诸多环境问题，逐渐在国际社会上引起各国重视。在减少CO₂排放的斗争中，人类逐渐将目光转向资源的合理利用，所以CO₂燃烧后的的捕集、利用和储存等技术手段。也渐渐成为重要的研究热点。

现如今，吸收二氧化碳的主要手段集中在化学吸收法、膜吸收法、固体吸附法、低温相分离法这几种方法。在综合考虑相应的优缺点后，本课题考虑使用如今工艺最成熟的化学吸收方法，而为了能够改进传统化学吸收方法解吸能耗高的这一劣势，最近报道的固体酸型催化剂成为我们研究降低解吸能耗的路线之一。

在本课题中，我们考察了固体酸催化剂（HZSM-5 )对MEA溶液解吸性能的影响，实验中采用的胺溶液浓度为2.5mol/L ，其负载量为0.45 mol CO₂ / mol 胺。分别对解吸过程的CO₂负载量、解吸速率、循环容量和相对热负荷等性能进行分析：发现催化剂能够显著降低高速率解吸段的反应温度；当系统稳定运行相同时间，催化体系较非催化体系，负载降低更快，催化系统的反应速率约为非催化系统的两倍；此外，固体酸型催化剂的加入，CO₂ 的循环容量有所提升，相对热负荷减少了21.43 %。

关键词：二氧化碳 固体酸催化剂 MEA HZSM-5

Research on Solid Acid Catalyst for Improving the performance of CO₂ desorption from monoethanolamine

Abstract

Now the normal production and life of human beings has been affected by problems such as greenhouse effect caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Since modern times, human beings have made rapid progress in all aspects, the continuous intensification of human activities, the use of fossil energy is also increasing year by year, so the production of greenhouse gases such as CO₂ has also increased sharply. The increase of CO₂ emissions has led to many environmental problems around the world, which has gradually attracted the attention of various countries in the international community. In the struggle to reduce CO₂ emissions, human beings gradually turn their attention to the rational use of resources, so the capture, utilization and storage of CO₂ after combustion. It has gradually become an important research hotspot. Nowadays, the main methods of absorbing carbon dioxide are chemical absorption, membrane absorption, solid adsorption and low temperature phase separation. Based on chemical absorption method, we used solid acid catalyst to lower energy consumption for CO₂ desorption. In this thesis, we investigated the effect of solid acid catalyst (HZSM-5) on the desorption performance of MEA solution. The concentration of amine solution used in the experiment was 2.5 mol / L, and its loading was 0.45 molCO₂/mol MEA. The CO₂ loading, desorption rate, cycle capacity and relative heat load of the desorption process were analyzed respectively: it was found that the catalyst could significantly reduce the reaction temperature of the desorption section at high speed, and when the system ran stably for the same time, the load of the catalytic system decreased faster than that of the non-catalytic system, and the reaction rate of the catalytic system was about twice that of the non-catalytic system. In addition, with the addition of solid acid catalyst, the cycle capacity of CO₂ was increased and the relative heat load was reduced by 21.43%.

Keywords: CO₂ solid acid catalyst MEA HZSM-5

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目录 i

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 二氧化碳利用现状 1

1.1.1 碳排放过量危害 1

1.1.2 二氧化碳的利用 1

1.2 二氧化碳的捕集方式 2

1.3 二氧化碳的解吸方法 2

1.4 固体酸型催化剂解吸二氧化碳 4

1.4.1 固体酸型催化剂研究进展概述 4

1.4.2 二氧化碳解吸能耗简析 4

1.5 课题研究意义 11

第二章 实验部分 12

2.1 实验试剂与仪器 12

2.1.1 实验试剂 12

2.1.2 实验仪器 12

2.2 实验装置与流程 12

2.2.1 实验原理 12

2.2.2 实验装置 13

2.2.3 实验流程 14

2.2.4 实验注意事项 16

2.3 数据分析 16

2.3.1 二氧化碳负载量 17

2.3.2 解吸速率 17

2.3.3 循环容量 17

2.3.4 相对热负荷 18

第三章 结果与讨论 19

3.1 二氧化碳负载变化 19

3.2 解吸速率对比 19

3.3 循环容量对比 20

3.4 相对热负荷 21

第四章 结论与展望 22

4.1 结论 22

4.2 展望 22

参考文献 24

致谢 26

文献综述

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