基于两性离子材料渗透汽化膜制备及其分离性能研究毕业论文
2022-01-04 20:54:29
论文总字数:22212字
摘 要
Abstract II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1 背景 1
1.2 渗透汽化技术简介 1
1.2.1 概述 1
1.2.2 渗透汽化分离机理 2
1.3 两性离子简介 4
1.3.1 概述 4
1.3.2 两性离子材料的分类 5
1.3.3 两性离子聚合物合成方法 5
1.4 氧化石墨烯材料 7
1.4.1 概述 7
1.4.2 氧化石墨烯结构与性质 7
1.4.3 氧化石墨烯的应用 8
1.5 本课题研究意义及内容 9
1.5.1 研究意义 9
1.5.2 研究内容 9
第二章 聚两性离子的合成 11
2.1 引言 11
2.2 实验部分 11
2.2.1实验试剂和仪器设备 11
2.2.2聚两性离子氧化石墨烯的合成 12
2.2.3聚两性离子氧化石墨烯的表征 12
2.3 本章小结 14
第三章 聚两性离子渗透汽化膜的制备与表征 15
3.1 引言 15
3.2 实验部分 15
3.2.1实验试剂和仪器设备 15
3.2.2聚两性离子渗透汽化膜的制备 16
3.2.3 聚两性离子渗透汽化膜的表征 17
3.3 实验结果 17
3.3.1聚两性离子渗透汽化膜性能 17
3.3.2不同乙二胺掺杂量对复合膜膜渗透汽化性能的影响 18
3.4 本章小节 19
第四章 结论与展望 20
4.1 结论 20
4.2 展望 20
参考文献 21
致谢 24
摘 要
近年来,在全球范围内,成本效益的标准迫使大多数行业将重点放在降低过程设计每一步的成本上。尤其是化学工业,其正在集中精力降低以下步骤的成本:化学品生产的产率和产品纯度,催化剂和溶剂的回收以及回收或再生材料的纯度。化学品分离已成为所有化学和制药行业关注的焦点,其中相对于蒸馏、精馏和吸附等传统方法,膜分离技术具有环境友好、能耗低、占地面积小易于操作等优点。
膜分离的核心是膜材料,理想的水选择性渗透膜材料应具备良好的稳定性和高亲水性。两性离子材料是目前一种十分具有潜力的超亲水能力的材料,其同时具有正电荷和负电荷的基团,但整体呈电中性。其可通过静电作用形成水合层,增加对水分子的亲和力和能动性,从而实现水分子的优先快速渗透。然而,由于聚两性离子单独成膜条件苛刻,目前其主要用于膜表面涂覆或化学接枝改性,因此,两性离子膜材料的开发依然面临巨大的挑战。
氧化石墨烯材料是目前最具潜力的二维膜材料之一,其具有单原子层的厚度以及丰富的含氧官能团,也是理想的两性离子膜材料载体。其单原子层的厚度可降低膜厚度从而降低传质过程阻力,同时可提供丰富的化学接枝位点,使得两性离子材料成功负载,实现高亲水膜材料的开发。
本文选择甲基丙烯酰乙基磺基甜菜碱(SBMA)两性离子单体,通过原子自由基聚合的方法将其成功附着在氧化石墨烯载体上,通过真空辅助自组装的方法,成功制备出致密无缺陷的聚两性离子渗透汽化膜,同时选择乙二胺进行进一步交联,优化膜内自由体积孔穴分布尺寸和密度。主要研究内容如下:
首先,成功制备出附着在氧化石墨烯表面的聚两性离子材料,并对其进行TEM、接触角、FT-IR、XPS等表征。然后,选择乙二胺进一步交联反应,考察不同乙二胺掺杂量对聚两性离子渗透汽化膜分离乙醇/水的性能,并最终通过实验发现:在70ºC条件下,EDA(n): GO/PSBMA (m)= 4:1时所得的聚两性离子渗透汽化膜的性能最佳,通量达3.2kg/(m2∙h),分离因子达1278。
关键词:聚两性离子 氧化石墨烯 水选择性渗透
Abstract
For the past few years, the standard of cost-effectiveness have forced most industries to focus on reducing the cost of each step of process design within the globe. It is focusing on reducing the cost of the following steps especially in the chemical industry: the yield and product purity of chemical production, the recovery of catalysts and solvents, and the purity of recovered or recycled materials. Separation of Chemical has become the focus of attention in all Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries, in addition, membrane separation technology has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low energy consumption, small footprint and easy operation when it compared with traditional methods such as distillation, rectification and adsorption.
The core of membrane separation is membrane material. And the ideal water selective permeable membrane material should have good stability and high hydrophilicity. Currently, Zwitterionic materials are a kind of super-hydrophilic materials with great potential, and they have both positively charged and negatively charged groups, but the whole is electrically neutral. It can form a hydrated layer through electrostatic action to increase the affinity and motility of water molecules, thereby achieving preferential and rapid penetration of water molecules. However, due to the harsh conditions of separate preparation of membranes with polyzwitterions, so in the current situation, it is mainly used for membrane surface coating or chemical graft modification. Therefore, the development of zwitterionic membrane materials still faces huge challenges.
Graphene oxide material is one of the most potential two-dimensional membrane materials at present, and it only has the thickness of monoatomic layer and rich oxygen-containing functional groups, at the same time ,it is also an ideal zwitterionic membrane material carrier. Graphene oxide membrane material has lower resistance to mass transfer process due to its thickness of monoatomic layer, and it can provide a wealth of chemical grafting sites at the same time, so that the zwitterionic material is successfully loaded, to achieve the development of highly hydrophilic membrane materials.
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