双改性介孔分子筛的制备及其对酸烯加成反应的催化性能研究毕业论文
2022-01-28 21:49:18
论文总字数:22415字
摘 要
醋酸叔丁酯由醋酸与异丁烯酯化合成是典型的原子经济反应,拥有绿色环保,节省资源等多重优势。由于此反应为有机合成反应,不可避免的伴随着副产物的产生,所以醋酸叔丁酯选择性的高低成为了关键。所以为了提高醋酸叔丁酯的产率,需要加入极性溶剂或者使用过量的酸,不可避免的将会导致设备寿命减少,同时产物醋酸叔丁酯和副产物二异丁烯的分离也会导致耗能增加。为了解决这些问题,研究开发新型绿色催化剂成为新的途径。在已有的研究基础上,以SBA-15为载体,采用两步后改性法合成介孔材料Sn-SBA-15-SO3H,通过金属离子的掺杂和磺酸改性的双改性介孔分子筛催化剂,有效的提高了羧酸叔丁酯的选择性,以此研究不同金属掺杂量与催化性能的关系。
由于一步合成方法中金属离子难以进入氧化硅骨架,导致洗涤过程中金属流失严重的问题,本论文的主要研究内容是以SBA-15为载体,采用两步后改性法制备一系列表面负载金属锡离子、嫁接磺酸基团的双官能化的Sn-SBA-15-SO3H介孔分子筛。研究发现,磺酸基团的嫁接引入了Brönsted酸,锡离子的掺杂引入了Lewis酸。通过表征,制备的催化剂有序性仍然很高。对催化剂性能研究发现,介孔分子筛上的磺酸量和锡离子量对醋酸叔丁酯的选择性影响很大,由于醋酸叔丁酯酯化反应速率快慢与磺酸量息息相关,醋酸叔丁酯的选择性的高低由磺酸与锡离子的酸量比例大小决定。其机理为:Brönsted酸吸附异丁烯,形成中间体CH3-C (CH3)2,然后形成产物或者副产物。通过锡离子和磺酸的引入到介孔分子筛来提高醋酸叔丁酯选择性,进而提高收率。
关键词:酯化加成 醋酸叔丁酯 Sn- SBA-15-SO3H 协同效应
Preparation of Double Modified Mesoporous Molecular Sieves and Their Catalytic Performance for Addition Reaction of Acids
ABSTRACT
The synthesis of tert-butyl acetate from esterification of acetic acid with isobutylene is a typical atomic economic response. It has many advantages such as environmental protection and resource conservation. Since this reaction is an organic synthesis reaction, it is inevitably accompanied by the production of by-products, so the selectivity of tert-butyl acetate becomes the key. Therefore, in order to increase the yield of tert-butyl acetate, it is necessary to add a polar solvent or use an excessive amount of acid. Inevitably, the life of the equipment will be reduced, and the separation of the product, tert-butyl acetate, and by-product diisobutylene will also cause energy consumption. increase. In order to solve these problems, research and development of new green catalysts have become new approaches. Based on the existing research, using SBA-15 as a carrier, the mesoporous material Sn-SBA-15-SO3H was synthesized by a two-step post-modification method. The double modification of the metal ion and sulfonic acid was introduced. The porous molecular sieve catalyst effectively improves the selectivity of the tert-butyl carboxylate, and thus studies the relationship between the doping amount of different metals and the catalytic performance.
Because the metal ions in the one-step synthesis method are difficult to enter into the silica skeleton, which leads to serious metal loss in the washing process, the main research content of this paper is to prepare a series of surface-loaded metals using the SBA-15 as a carrier and a two-step post-modification method. Tin-ion, grafted sulfonic acid group bifunctional Sn-SBA-15-SO3H mesoporous molecular sieves. It was found that grafting of sulfonic acid groups introduced Brönsted acid, and doping of tin ions introduced Lewis acid. By characterization, the prepared catalyst is still highly ordered. The study on the performance of the catalysts revealed that the amount of sulfonic acid and the amount of tin ions on the mesoporous molecular sieves have a great influence on the selectivity of tert-butyl acetate. Because the rate of esterification of tert-butyl acetate is closely related to the amount of sulfonic acid, t-butyl acetate is closely related. The degree of selectivity is determined by the ratio of the acid amount of the sulfonic acid to the tin ion. The mechanism is that Brönsted acid adsorbs isobutylene to form an intermediate CH3-C (CH3)2, and then forms a product or a by-product. Through the introduction of tin ions and sulfonic acid into mesoporous molecular sieves, the selectivity of tert-butyl acetate is improved, thereby increasing the yield.
Key words:Synergic effect;Tert-Butyl acetate;Sn-SO3H-SBA-15;Additive reaction
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1 醋酸叔丁酯研究背景 1
1.2 酸烯加成酯化催化剂的研究进展 1
1.3 磺酸改性介孔分子筛研究进展 2
1.4 金属掺杂改性介孔分子筛研究进展 5
1.5 金属掺杂和磺酸嫁接的双改性介孔分子筛研究进展 6
1.6 论文选题及研究思路 6
第二章 实验方法 8
2.1 主要实验原料及试剂 8
2.2 催化剂制备所用到的实验仪器及设备 8
2.3 Sn-SBA-15-SO3H的表征 9
2.3.1 小角度X射线衍射(SAXRD) 9
2.3.2 氮气吸附脱附(N2-Adsorption Desorption) 9
2.3.3傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR) 9
2.3.4 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis) 9
2.3.5 金属元素分析(ICP-AES) 10
2.3.6 硫元素分析(Elemental Analysis) 10
2.4 催化剂测试方法及分析方法 10
2.4.1 测试方法 10
2.4.2 分析方法 10
第三章 介孔分子筛中锡掺杂量与磺酸的协同作用 12
3.1 系列Sn-SBA-15-SO3H的制备 12
3.2 系列Sn-SBA-15-SO3H表征结果 13
3.2.1 小角度X射线衍射(SAXRD) 13
3.2.2 氮气吸附脱附(N2-Adsorption-Desorption) 14
3.2.3 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR) 16
3.2.4 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis) 18
3.2.5 金属元素分析(ICP-AES) 18
3.2.6 硫元素分析(Elemental Analysis) 19
3.3 Sn-SBA-15-SO3H的催化机理 19
第四章 结论 22
参考文献 23
致谢 27
第一章 文献综述
1.1 醋酸叔丁酯研究背景
醋酸叔丁酯的领域及其广泛,可作为医药中间体,可用于涂料、油漆、油墨等。醋酸叔丁酯可以替代其中的有毒溶剂(甲乙酮、芳香烃类溶剂)[1]。所以,随着化工向绿色友好方面的发展,醋酸叔丁酯的需求将会逐年增加。
目前,工业上生产醋酸叔丁酯的方法是在浓硫酸的催化下,醋酸与叔丁醇加成酯化合成。此方法催化效率很高,但是浓硫酸具有强腐蚀性,对设备的要求极高,对人体危害极大。同时,浓硫酸虽然具有很好的催化作用,但是并不能提高醋酸叔丁酯的选择性,因此造成最终的收率并不高。除此之外,废液也会很难处理,对环境的污染随之加大,不符合绿色化工的要求[2]。如今,随着阳离子交换树脂的发展,人们找到可以直接催化异丁烯和醋酸加成酯化合成醋酸叔丁酯的催化剂,此工艺路线的原子利用率理论上为100%,流程简单,设备要求不高,而且反应过程中无水生成。由此观之,此工艺在未来将会走上工业化、规模化,不仅具有很高的经济效益,而且符合绿色环保的要求。因此酸烯加成酯化合成醋酸叔丁酯的研究将会越来越多,越来越稳定。
1.2 酸烯加成酯化催化剂的研究进展
酸烯加成酯化反应的研究自20世纪60年代开始,在这几十年里科研人员在催化剂方面做出了大量的工作,取得了很多优秀成果。酸烯加成酯化催化剂的类型主要有液态酸(硫酸、磷酸等)、金属硫酸盐类、黏土矿物类、沸石分子筛类、离子交换树脂、杂多化合物[3]。
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