论文总字数：18381字

摘 要

自从工业革命以来，人类社会为了追求经济社会的快速发展，大肆发展各种重工业工业。虽然经济得到了前所未有的发展速度，但是却给我们的生态环境带来了巨大的破坏。如何保护和改善环境，是当下的人所要面对的最为紧迫的问题。长期以来，人们也探索发现了许许多多传统的保护治理环境污染的方法。但是传统的方法往往自身存在一定的缺陷，对污染物的处理不彻底，会带来二次污染。因此，寻求一种新型的污染物处理技术是再好不过的。然而，以半导体纳米氧化物为基础的光催化降解污染物技术应运而生了。

本论文主要通过化学吸附的方法使ZnO与类石墨相的g-C₃N₄杂化，来观察ZnO光催化性能的变化。首先通过液相法合成ZnO和类石墨相的g-C₃N₄，然后通过单分散的方法将ZnO与类石墨相的g-C₃N₄掺杂得到复合的ZnO/g-C₃N₄光催化剂，再将ZnO,ZnO/g-C₃N₄样品与待降解的溶液混合、搅拌，使之在黑暗环境中达到吸附平衡，最后在可见光光照条件进行光催化反应，并利用紫外-可见漫光谱检测光催化降解效率，并发现掺杂后ZnO的光催化活性明显提高。

实验通过改变类石墨相的g-C₃N₄与ZnO掺杂量的大小，进行光催化实验，观察g-C₃N₄的掺杂量对光催化性能的影响，力图找到最佳的掺杂比。

关键词：ZnO; g-C₃N₄; 杂化；光催化

Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of ZnO hybridized with graphite-like C₃N₄

ABSTRACT

Since the industrial revolution, human society in order to pursue the rapid economic and social development, wantonly develop a variety of heavy industry. However, after the rapid development of the same time, but also to our ecological environment caused great damage. Now, how to protect and improve our environment, we are now facing the most serious problem. For a long time, people have explored many of the traditional methods of protecting and managing environmental pollution. However, these traditional methods of their own existence of certain defects, the treatment of pollutants is not complete, will produce pollution secondary pollution. Therefore, to find a new type of pollutant treatment technology is no better. However, the semiconductor nanometer oxide-based photocatalytic degradation of pollutant technology came into being.

In this paper, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO was observed by chemically adsorbing the g-C₃N₄ of ZnO and the graphite-like phase. The ZnO/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst was doped with ZnO and g-C₃N₄, which was doped with g-C₃N₄ in the graphite-like phase by monodisperse method. The ZnO/g-C₃N₄ sample was mixed with the solution to be degraded and stirred to achieve the adsorption equilibrium in the dark environment. Finally, the photocatalytic reaction was carried out under visible light conditions and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was measured by UV-visible diffuse spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was improved obviously.

The effect of the doping amount of g-C₃N₄ on the photocatalytic performance was investigated by changing the size of g-C₃N₄ and ZnO doping amount in the graphite-like phase. The optimum doping ratio was found.

Key Words：ZnO; g-C₃N₄; hybridization; photocatalysis

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

目 录 i

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1. ZnO光催化的基本原理 2

1.1.1. 纳米ZnO光催化反应的步骤如下： 3

1.1.2. 纳米ZnO光催化的利与弊 4

1.2. 纳米ZnO特性及其制备 5

1.2.1. ZnO的基本性质 5

1.2.2. 纳米ZnO的制备方法 6

1.3. 提高ZnO光催化性能的主要途径 8

1.3.1. 贵金属表面沉积 8

1.3.2. 过渡金属离子掺杂 9

1.3.3. 半导体的敏化 10

1.4. 氮化碳（C₃N₄）研究和性质的相关概述 10

1.5. 研究的内容和目的 11

第二章 实验部分 13

2.1. 实验原料及装置 13

2.1.1. 实验试剂 13

2.1.2. 实验仪器 13

2.2. 表征仪器 14

2.3. 实验步骤 14

2.3.1. ZnO的制备 14

2.3.2. g-C3N4的制备 14

2.3.3. 四环素溶液的配制 14

2.3.4. g-C₃N₄/ZnO的制备 14

2.3.5. 光降解实验 15

2.3.6. 样品的表征 15

第三章 实验结果与讨论 16

3.1. SEM分析 16

3.1.1. ZnO的SEM分析 16

3.1.2. g-C₃N₄的SEM分析 17

3.2. XRD分析 17

3.3. 紫外可见光谱仪（UV-VIS）分析 18

3.4. 光降解实验 18

3.4.1. 不同ZnO样品的光催化活性 19

第四章 实验结论与展望 22

4.1. 实验结论 22

4.2. 实验展望 22

参考文献 23

致 谢 26

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：18381字