论文总字数：15709字

摘 要

环境和能源问题是本世纪的两大焦点，其中能源作为发展的基础，备受世界的广泛关注。近年来，能源日益匮乏，急需找寻替代能源。氢气作为无污染的可再生能源，是未来主要的替代能源。氢气除了作替代能源外，还广泛应用于石油化工、半导体、电子工业等领域，而且在这些领域中都要求使用高纯度氢气。如何制取高纯度氢气是当前面临的主要问题。钯膜由于其氢通量高、选择性高、贵金属消耗量少等特点，被视为制取高纯氢气的理想材料。

近年来，人们对钯膜的研究取得了重大进展，但钯膜的规模化生产工艺尚不成熟，钯膜并未被广泛用于实际应用中。本实验根据钯膜的透氢原理与工作条件，搭建了一台基于钯膜的氢气分离提纯装置，该装置由加热系统与控制系统组成。本文主要研究内容与结论如下：

1.装置搭建：根据实验要求及操作流程，进行装置结构设计,应用钯膜组件、防爆电磁阀、压力传感器、真空泵及加热器等搭建实验装置，气路部分采用不锈钢管路连接，再运用自动化控制技术搭建出一套全自动实验装置。

2.测试不同温度压力下的氢气通量与氮气通量，计算出钯膜的H₂/N₂选择性，作氢气通量J_H2、H₂/N₂选择性与压力关系图。考察压力、温度对氢气通量、选择性的影响。

3.进行钯膜透氢动力学分析，分析滞留测和渗透侧压力对钯膜氢通量的影响。作图发现钯膜的氢通量与钯膜两侧压差P_Ret‐P_Perm呈线性关系，钯膜透氢的速率控制步骤为氢气在膜表面的吸附、脱附过程。

关键词：高纯氢气 钯膜 动力学分析

Study on Hydrogen Separation Performance of Palladium

Abstract

Environmental and energy are the two main focus of this century, energy as the basis for development, focus much attention in all word. In recent years, energy is increasingly scarce, It is urgent need to find new alternative energy. Hydrogen as a non-polluting renewable energy, is the main alternative energy in the future。Hydrogen is not only the ideal new energy, but also widely used in petrochemical, semiconductor, electronics and other fields, which areas of must use high purity hydrogen. How to prepare high purity hydrogen is currently the main problem facing. Palladium film because of its high hydrogen permeability, high hydrogen selectivity, good mechanical properties, precious metal consumption and other advantages are considered the ideal hydrogen separation and purification materials. In recent years, people have made great progress in the study of palladium film, However, the production of palladium film is not widely used in practical applications because of the production process is not yet mature. In this experiment, according to the principle of hydrogen permeation of palladium film and working conditions, a hydrogen separation and purification device based on palladium membrane was constructed. which composed of heating system and control system. This article’s main contents and conclusions are as following:

1.Set up device: devices structure design according to the experimental requirements and operation flow, using application of palladium membrane components, explosion-proof solenoid valve, temperature sensors, pressure transmitters, vacuum pumps and heaters to build experimental devices, gas part of the use of stainless steel pipe connection, Control technology to build a set of automatic test device.

2.Testing hydrogen flux and nitrogen flux at different temperature and pressure which measures to calculate the H₂ / N₂ selectivity of palladium film, building the relationship between hydrogen flux J_H2 and pressure, H₂ / N₂ selectivity and pressure. Investigated the influence of pressure and temperature on hydrogen flux and selectivity .

3:Analysis the Palladium membrane hydrogen permeation kinetics, find out the retention of the permeate and the permeate pressure on the palladium membrane of the hydrogen flux.The results show that the hydrogen flux of palladium film is linear with , which indicates that the adsorption and resolve of hydrogen on the palladium surface is the rate control step of hydrogen permeation of palladium film.

Key words: high purity hydrogen Palladium film kinetics analysis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1高纯氢气的应用 1

1.2高纯氢气的制备方法 2

1.2.1变压吸附法(PSA) 2

1.2.2低温吸附法 3

1.2.3深冷法 3

1.2.4膜分离法 3

1.3.钯膜的透氢原理及特点 4

1.4．基于钯膜的氢气纯化器的应用 5

1.4.1应用于半导体行业 5

1.4.2天然气廉价制氢 5

1.4.3小规模现场制氢 6

1.5本课题主要研究内容 6

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 实验仪器与实验材料 7

2.2绘制氢气纯化器流程图 7

2.3装置元件的检测与定位 8

2.4实验装置组装 8

2.5实验装置气密性检测 8

2.6钯膜的性能测试 9

第三章 实验结果与讨论 10

3.1氢气纯化器的搭建 10

3.2钯膜的氢气通量与选择性测试 10

3.3钯膜透氢的动力学分析 12

第四章 结论与展望 14

4.1小结 14

4.2展望 14

参考文献： 15

致谢 18

第一章 文献综述

1.1高纯氢气的应用

环境和能源问题是本世纪的两大焦点，其中能源作为发展的基础，备受世界的广泛关注。近年来，能源日益匮乏，急需找寻替代能源。氢气作为无污染的可再生能源，是未来理想的新能源，受到了全世界的高度关注,“氢经济”正在逐渐进入人们的生活。氢气不仅是理想的新能源，还广泛应用于石油化工、半导体、电子工业等领域。

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