论文总字数：16635字

摘 要

渗透汽化膜分离技术是在最近的几十年里发展比较快速的新型膜分离技术。由于它在操作上效率高、节约能量、过程简单、经济环保等优点而得到了人们的普遍关注。最主要的应用有三个：有机溶剂脱水、脱除水中微量有机物和有机与有机混合物的分离。其中，有机物混合体系的分离在目前的开发较少，在未来会有很大的发展空间。在工业生产中，采用传统的精馏法分离正辛烷与白油混合物消耗的能量较高。通过渗透汽化法，可以在低能耗的情况下有效的达到分离目标。

本文采用PDMS这种复合膜材料来对正辛烷/白油体系进行分离，系统地对进料温度、进料流量、质量分数等操作条件展开研究，观察分析这些不同的操作条件对正辛烷与白油混合液的分离产生的影响。实验结果表明，渗透通量随着进料流量的增大而增大，渗透通量与进料流量之间呈正相关。渗透通量随着进料温度的升高而增大，渗透通量与进料温度呈正相关。随着质量分数的升高，渗透通量逐渐下降，渗透通量与质量分数呈负相关。进料温度、进料流量、质量分数三个因素对膜的截留率影响不大，总体截留率在98%-99%范围内。

关键词：渗透汽化 膜分离 PDMS 正辛烷 白油

Study on the Separation of n - Octane / White Oil Mixture by Pervaporation

Abstract

Pervaporation is a new type of membrane technology, which has rapidly developed in recent decades, because of its efficiency, lower energy consumption, simple operation, economic and environmental protection, these advantages have been gained widely attention. It has three important applications in production: organic solvents dehydration, removal of trace organic matter in water and separation of the mixture of organic to organic. Among them, the separation of organic mixtures hasn’t been fully developed currently. In industrial production, higher energy consumption will be consumed for the traditional distillation separation of n-octane and white oil mixture. The separation goal can be achieved in the case of low energy efficiently by the pervaporation method.

In this paper, the PDMS/PTFE composite membrane was used to separate the n-octane / white oil system. The operating parameters such as feed temperature, feed flow rate and mass fraction were studied. The results showed that these parameters have an effect on the separation of n-octane and white oil. The permeation flux increases with the feed flow rate, and the permeability is positively correlated with the feed flow rate. The feed temperature will enhance permeation flux, and the permeate flux is positively correlated with the feed temperature. With the increase of the white oil mass fraction, the permeation flux decreased gradually, and the permeation flux was negatively correlated with the white oil mass fraction. The effects of feed temperature, feed rate and mass fraction on membrane retention were not significant, and the overall rejection was in the range of 98% -99%.

Key words: Pervaporation;Membrane separation;PDMS;N-octane;White oil

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2 渗透汽化分离技术 1

1.2.1 渗透汽化的发展历史 2

1.2.2 渗透汽化技术特点 2

1.2.3 渗透汽化过程中的传质机理 3

1.2.4 渗透汽化速率的影响因素 4

1.3 渗透汽化膜 5

1.3.1 按膜结构分类 5

1.3.2 按分离体系分类 6

1.3.3 按膜材料分类 6

1.4 渗透汽化技术在工业的应用 6

1.4.1 有机物脱水 6

1.4.2 水中少量有机物的脱除 7

1.4.3 有机混合物的分离 7

1.5 本课题研究的内容及意义 7

第二章 实验部分 9

2.1 实验材料和仪器 9

2.2 渗透汽化分离性能的评价参数 9

2.3 实验设备及研究方法 10

第三章 结果与讨论 11

3.1 标准曲线的绘制 11

3.2 操作参数的影响 11

3.2.1 进料流量的影响 11

3.2.2 质量分数的影响 14

3.2.3 进料温度的影响 17

第四章 结论与展望 19

参考文献 20

致 谢 22

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