论文总字数：19886字

摘 要

在化工、造纸、医药、纺织等领域，由于会产生大量的废弃物而造成严重的环境污染，膜分离技术越来越受到他们的关注。陶瓷膜相比于有机膜具有抗污染能力强、化学稳定性好、机械强度高等优点，在膜分离技术领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而目前陶瓷膜分离技术的应用并不成熟，更是很少能应用到工业领域中。本文针对陶瓷膜在粘胶纤维生产中对半纤维素回收的应用，研究了操作温度、跨膜压差、膜面流速对膜管过滤性能的影响，实验膜管分别编号为NF-1和NF-2，其中NF-2进行了重复实验。实验结果显示:温度升高，NF-1和NF-2的膜通量升高，而半纤维素截留率略微降低。压力增加，NF-1和NF-2的膜通量升高，当达到15bar时，上升就不明显了，而半纤维素截留率都略有上升。膜面流速增加，NF-1和NF-2的膜通量明显升高，而半纤维素截留率几乎不变。在相同条件下，NF-1的膜通量低于NF-2，而半纤维素截留率高于NF-2。最后还进行了膜清洗实验，选用NF-1进行实验，结果发现在TMP=16bar，T=25℃时，使用5%NaOH溶液对使用后的膜管进行清洗，通量能够恢复到最初纯水通量的59%，对膜的清洗效果最好。

关键词：陶瓷膜 粘胶纤维 半纤维素 回收

ABSTRACT

Because of large amounts of waste produced by chemical, paper, pharmaceutical, textile and other fields,environmental pollution is getting worse. Therefore, membrane separation technology get more and more attention. Compared with the organic film,ceramic membrane has many advantages,such as strong anti-pollution, chemical stability, high mechanical strength. Therefore, the ceramic membrane has broad application prospects in the field of membrane separation technology.However, the current application of ceramic membrane separation technology is not mature,so it is rarely applied to the industrial sector. This article is about ceramic membranes for recovering hemicellulose application in the viscose fiber production,probing the effects of some parameters on membrane filtration performance of the tube,such as operating temperature, transmembran pressure and flow rate. Using the new film vertical tube equipment to get on filtering experiments. Experimental film tube numbered NF-1 and NF-2.Wherein the NF-2 were repeated experiments. The results show :when the temperature rises,membrane flux of NF-1 and NF-2 increase,while hemicellulose rejection decrease slightly. When pressure increase,membrane flux of NF-1 and NF-2 increase,until the pressure reaches 15bar,rise is not obvious,while the hemicellulose retention rate up slightly. When Flow rate of membrane surface increase,membrane flux of NF-1 and NF-2 increase obviously,while the hemicellulose retention rate is almost unchanged. Under the same conditions，membrane flux of NF-1 is lower than that of NF-2, hemicellulose rejection of NF-1 is higher than NF-2.At last,I did the membrane cleaning experiment,selecting NF-1 to finish the experiment. The result shows that when the TMP is 16 bar and the temperature is 25℃，using 5% NaOH to clean the membrane tube，the flux can be restored to 59% of the initial pure water flux，which is most useful for membrane tube.

KEYWODS: Ceramic membrane; Viscose fiber; Hemicellulose; Recovery

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1陶瓷膜概述 1

1.1.1膜产业概述 1

1.1.2陶瓷膜特点 1

1.1.3陶瓷膜的应用 2

1.2粘胶纤维生产过程中产生的碱液及碱液中半纤维素处理方法 3

1.2.1粘胶纤维概述 3

1.2.2粘胶纤维用途 5

1.2.3碱液处理方法 5

1.3目前陶瓷膜用于碱液中回收半纤维素存在的问题 5

1.3本文研究工作的主要目的、内容及意义 6

第二章 实验部分 7

2.1 引言 7

2.2 实验部分 7

2.2.1 实验仪器、原料与试剂 7

2.2.2 膜管信息 7

2.2.3 原料液性质 8

2.2.4 陶瓷膜通量的测试方法 8

2.2.5 碱液中半纤维素含量的测试方法 8

2.2.6 半纤维素截留率的计算方法 9

2.2.7 测定操作温度、压力、膜面流速对陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响 9

2.2.8 半纤维素回收实验 10

第三章 实验结果与讨论 12

3.1 跨膜压差对多通道陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响 12

3.2 膜面流速对多孔道陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响 13

3.3 操作温度对多孔道陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响 14

3.4 浓缩倍数对多孔道陶瓷膜过滤性能的影响 15

3.5 纳滤膜的清洗 19

3.6实验总结 19

参考文献 21

致 谢 24

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