2吨小时醋酸甲酯制醋酸工艺动态模拟研究毕业论文
2022-04-24 23:24:07
论文总字数:22596字
摘 要
聚乙烯醇的工业生产过程中会有大量醋酸甲酯这样的副产物产生,而醋酸甲酯的工业应用价值很小,如不妥善处理会对环境造成很大的危害。醋酸甲酯水解会产生醋酸和甲醇,两者可以用于生产聚醋酸乙烯,因此工业生产中在回收工段将醋酸甲酯水解成醋酸和甲醇,作为原料和溶剂使用。传统生产中采用固定床反应器,但是该工艺水解率低。醋酸甲酯水解体系中的各组分沸点关系适用于反应精馏。因此,为了克服传统工艺的弊端,本文采用催化精馏技术进行水解反应。与此同时,采用固定床反应器和催化精馏塔相结合的工艺,降低催化精馏塔的负荷。在此基础上,对流程进行了模拟计算。由于反应精馏是反应和分离过程的耦合,对其进行动态模拟具有重要现实意义。对此项技术只有少量的研究,所以醋酸甲酯的催化反应精馏技术有很大的研究价值。本文分析了整个过程的控制变量,设计了两种整体控制方案。对反应精馏塔采用进料与再沸器负荷的比例控制,对测线采出塔分别采用组分控制采出量和温度与组分串级控制两种控制结构。并且针对两种整体控制结构,对进料流量和进料组分进行±10%扰动,将扰动前后相比较,考察两种控制结构能否对整个流程有效控制并且比较两种控制结构的优缺点。通过比较,组分与温度的串级控制可以更好的控制产品浓度,系统在5h可以恢复稳定。
关键词:醋酸甲酯 水解 反应精馏 动态模拟
Dynamic simulation of preparation process for Two tons Methyl Acetate per hour to acetic acid
Abstract
Methyl acetate is the main by-product in polyvinyl alcohol process and useless in other process. Methyl acetate is harmful to the environment without any process. Methyl acetate can hydrolyze into acetic and methanol which both can be used to produce polyvinyl acetate. As a result, methyl acetate is separated in recovery section and re-use as raw materials and solvent. Fixed bed reactor is used in traditional process and the hydrolysis rate of methyl acetate is low. We know that it is suitable for reactive distillation that the relationship between the boiling point of the component in the methyl acetate hydrolysis system. This study uses the reactive distillation to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional process. We use both fixed bed reactor and catalytic distillation column to reduce the duty of the column. On this basis, the simulation model of the separation process was established. Since the reactive distillation is the coupling of reaction and separation processes, it is significant to make dynamic simulation. Only a small amount of research on this technology, so the research of reactive distillation technology of methyl acetate has great value. We study in the variables of the process and design two overall control structures. We use proportional control to control the ratio of the feed flow and the duty of reboiler in the reactive distillation. The two structures that component control and cascade control are used in the distillation column. We study these overall control structures by changing ±10 percent of the feed flow and the component of the feed. We compare them to find out whether these control structures could control the whole process efficiently and choose a better one. We find that cascade control could control the component well and the process could get stable within 5 hours.
Key words: methyl acetate; hydrolysis; reactive distillation; dynamic simulation
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2传统醋酸甲酯水解工艺概述 1
1.3催化精馏工艺 2
1.3.1催化精馏的发展 2
1.3.2催化精馏工艺概述 2
1.3.3催化精馏工艺的影响因素与研究现状 3
1.4催化精馏过程模拟研究现状 3
1.4.1催化精馏过程的模型 3
1.4.2动态模型求解 4
1.4.3基本控制策略结构 5
1.4.4动态模拟的优势与意义 5
1.5 本文研究内容及意义 7
第二章 醋酸甲酯水解分离工艺 9
2.1设计要求 9
2.2物性计算方法的选择 9
2.3稳态工艺流程 10
2.4 稳态模拟结果 11
2.5 正常操作工况 11
2.5.1反应精馏塔T101正常操作工况 11
2.5.2甲醇侧线采出塔T102正常操作工况 13
第三章 醋酸甲酯水解动态模拟 15
3.1 动态模拟模型的建立 15
3.2 动态模拟塔设备参数 17
3.2.1灵敏板的选取 17
3.2.2 设备压力 17
3.2.3 设备定径 18
3.3 控制方案CS1 22
3.3.1 控制方案CS1的设置 22
3.3.2 CS1在进料扰动下的动态模拟结果 24
3.3.3 CS1在进料组分扰动下的动态模拟结果 26
3.4 控制方案CS2 27
3.4.1 控制方案CS2的设置 28
3.4.2 CS2在进料扰动下的动态模拟结果 29
3.4.3 CS2在进料组分扰动下的动态模拟结果 31
3.5 CS1与CS2的比较 32
第四章 结论 33
参考文献 34
致谢 36
第一章 绪论
1.1研究背景
化工产业作为国民经济建设和为人名生活提供必要的物质和能源的基础,为国家和社会做出了卓越的贡献。可是化工产业一直因为“高污染,高物耗,高能耗”被社会诟病,使化工产业的发展受到制约。化工过程强化技术的出现成为解决这一问题的关键。其节能减排的优势使它成为如今化学工程发展的重要领域。
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