论文总字数：23805字

摘 要

原油中的盐类主要都溶于所含的水中，所以原油脱盐成功的关键在于能否有效的脱水，如果原油脱水的效果不好，那么脱盐率也会相应的低于预期的效果，脱盐后的原油就会达不到炼厂的要求，因此原油脱盐的实质就是原油破乳脱水。

本实验以扬子石化炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置加工的原油为研究对象，利用实验室设备开展超声破乳实验。考察了超声电压、辐照时间、沉降温度、沉降时间等因素对超声破乳脱水的影响，同时比较了连续超声和脉冲超声对实验结果的影响。实验结果表明：各因素对超声破乳脱水的影响大小排列为，温度＞辐照时间＞电压，温度是影响原油脱盐脱水效果最主要的因素，在实验温度范围内，温度越高越有利于脱水。连续超声条件下处理原油的最佳工作参数是温度80℃，辐照时间6min，电压200V，原油含水率降至0.45%。脉冲超声下最佳工艺条件为，温度80℃，超声辐照时间8min，电压150V，原油含水率降至0.32%。在脉冲超声条件下，经过超声处理原油的平均含水率为0.54%，小于连续超声条件下的0.64%。说明脉冲超声有利于原油脱盐脱水。

关键词：超声波；脉冲；原油；破乳；脱水

Research on crude oil dewatering desalting at Standing Wave

Abstract

Salts are dissolved in water contained in the crude, so the key to successfully make the crude oil desalting lies in effectively dehydration, if crude oil dehydration is not good, then the desalt rate will be corresponding lower than expected results, the crude oil after desalting will not reach the refinery requirements, So the essence of crude oil desalting is dehydration of crude oil.

In this experiment, Yangzi Petrochemical refinery crude distillation unit for processing crude oil for the study, Use the laboratory equipment to carry out ultrasonic breaking experiment. The effects of ultrasound factor voltage, exposure time, settling temperature, sedimentation time ultrasound demulsification, and compared the effects of continuous ultrasound and pulsed ultrasound of the experimental results. The results showed that: dehydration of various factors on the ultrasound effect size are arranged, temperaturegt; irradiation timegt; voltage, temperature is the most important effect of crude oil desalting and dehydration factors, in the experimental temperature range, the higher the temperature the more favorable dehydration . Optimum operating parameters under continuous ultrasound treatment condition of crude oil is temperature 80℃, irradiation time 6min, voltage 200V, crude oil water content dropped to 0.45%. Under optimal conditions of pulsed ultrasound, temperature 80℃, ultrasonic irradiation time 8min, voltage 150V, crude oil fell 0.32% moisture content. Under pulsed ultrasound conditions, after ultrasound average moisture content of processed crude oil 0.54%, less than 0.64 percent under conditions of continuous ultrasound. Description pulsed ultrasound in favor of crude oil desalting and dehydration

Key words: Ultrasound; pulse; crude oil; demulsification; dehydration

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 炼油厂原油处理技术 1

1.3 超声技术 4

1.3.1 超声声场类型 4

1.3.2 超声波作用方式 5

1.3.3 超声波的特性及作用机理 6

1.3.4 超声破乳脱水脱盐机理 6

1.3.5 超声破乳脱水脱盐机理 7

1.4 国外超声波破乳研究现状 7

第二章 实验部分 10

2.1 实验原料和试剂 10

2.2 实验仪器与设备 11

2.3 超声破乳脱水实验 11

2.3.1 声强测定方法 12

2.3.2 原油含水率测定方法 13

第三章 原油脱水脱盐结果分析与讨论 14

3.1 超声破乳实验 14

3.1.1 超声正交实验设计 14

3.2 超声单因素实验 17

3.2.1 温度对原油脱水效果的影响 17

3.2.2 辐照时间对原油脱水效果影响 19

3.2.3 电压对原油脱水效果的影响 20

3.2.4 沉降时间对原油脱水的影响 21

第四章 结论与展望 23

4.1 结论 23

4.2 展望 23

参考文献 24

致谢 29

第一章 文献综述

1.1 研究背景

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